CMN 552 Exam 4
How are delusions defined in the context of DSM-5? -ANSWER✅✅✅Fixed beliefs that
are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.
What is the most common type of delusion? -ANSWER✅✅✅Persecutory delusions,
involving the belief that one is being harmed or harassed.
What characterizes a grandiose delusion? -ANSWER✅✅✅The belief that an individual
possesses exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame.
What are referential delusions? -ANSWER✅✅✅The belief that environmental cues,
gestures, or comments are directed specifically at oneself.
What distinguishes 'bizarre' delusions? -ANSWER✅✅✅They are clearly impossible,
not understandable, and do not derive from ordinary life experiences.
Define 'thought insertion' in the context of schizophrenia. -ANSWER✅✅✅The belief
that alien thoughts have been put into one's mind by an outside force.
What are hallucinations? -ANSWER✅✅✅Perception-like experiences that occur
without an external stimulus.
What is the most common type of hallucination? -ANSWER✅✅✅Auditory
hallucinations, usually experienced as voices distinct from one's own thoughts.
What is 'word salad'? -ANSWER✅✅✅A form of severely disorganized speech.
What is catatonic behavior? -ANSWER✅✅✅A marked decrease in reactivity to the
environment, ranging from negativism to mutism or stupor.
Define avolition. -ANSWER✅✅✅A decrease in motivated, self-initiated, purposeful
activities.
What is alogia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Diminished speech output.
What is anhedonia? -ANSWER✅✅✅The decreased ability to experience pleasure.
What is asociality? -ANSWER✅✅✅An apparent lack of interest in social interactions.
,What is the primary diagnostic criterion for Delusional Disorder regarding duration? -
ANSWER✅✅✅The presence of one or more delusions for a duration of 1 month or
longer.
Which type of delusional disorder is more common in men? -ANSWER✅✅✅The
jealous type.
What is the typical behavior of individuals with Delusional Disorder when not discussing
their delusions? -ANSWER✅✅✅They often appear to have normal behavior and
appearance.
What is the required duration for a diagnosis of Brief Psychotic Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅At least 1 day but less than 1 month, with an eventual full return to
premorbid functioning.
What are the two main specifiers for Brief Psychotic Disorder regarding stressors? -
ANSWER✅✅✅With marked stressors (brief reactive psychosis) and without marked
stressors.
What is the average age of onset for Brief Psychotic Disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Mid-
30s.
What is the diagnostic duration requirement for Schizophreniform Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅At least 1 month but less than 6 months.
What is the difference between hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Hypnagogic occur while falling asleep; hypnopompic occur while
waking up; both are considered within the range of normal experience.
What is 'derailment' in disorganized thinking? -ANSWER✅✅✅A pattern of speech
where the individual switches from one topic to another.
What is the prevalence of Delusional Disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅0.2%.
When should a diagnosis be labeled as 'provisional'? -ANSWER✅✅✅When the
diagnosis must be made without waiting for full recovery.
What must be ruled out to diagnose Schizophreniform Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with
psychotic features.
What are the two 'good prognostic features' for Schizophreniform Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Onset of prominent psychotic symptoms within 4 weeks of the first
,change in functioning, good premorbid social/occupational functioning, and absence of
blunted/flat affect.
What percentage of individuals with Schizophreniform Disorder eventually receive a
diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Two-thirds.
How many symptoms from the diagnostic criteria must be present for a diagnosis of
Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Two or more, present for a significant portion of time
during a 1-month period.
Which three symptoms are mandatory to include at least one of for a Schizophrenia
diagnosis? -ANSWER✅✅✅Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
What is the minimum duration of continuous signs of disturbance required for a
Schizophrenia diagnosis? -ANSWER✅✅✅At least 6 months.
How is the 6-month duration for Schizophrenia characterized? -ANSWER✅✅✅It must
include at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms and may include periods of
prodromal or residual symptoms.
What is the requirement for diagnosing Schizophrenia in individuals with a history of
Autism or communication disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Prominent delusions or
hallucinations must be present for at least 1 month in addition to other required
symptoms.
What is 'anosognosia' in the context of Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅A lack of
insight or awareness of the disorder.
Is unawareness of illness in Schizophrenia considered a coping strategy? -
ANSWER✅✅✅No, it is typically a symptom of the disorder itself.
What are the negative consequences of anosognosia in Schizophrenia patients? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Nonadherence to treatment, higher relapse rates, increased involuntary
treatments, poorer psychosocial functioning, and aggression.
What are common associated features of Schizophrenia regarding mood and affect? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Inappropriate affect, dysphoric mood (depression, anxiety, anger),
disturbed sleep, and lack of interest in eating.
What cognitive issue is strongly linked to vocational and functional impairment in
Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Cognitive deficits.
What are the three ways to specify the course of Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅First
episode, multiple episodes, or continuous.
, What are the three possible states for an episode of Schizophrenia? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Acute episode, partial remission, or full remission.
What must be ruled out regarding substance use for both Schizophreniform and
Schizophrenia diagnoses? -ANSWER✅✅✅The disturbance must not be attributed to
substance drug abuse.
What is the risk for relatives of individuals with Schizophreniform disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅They have an increased risk for schizophrenia.
What is the definition of negative symptoms in the context of Schizophrenia? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Diminished emotional expression.
What can manifest during the prodromal or residual phases of Schizophrenia? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Only negative symptoms or two or more symptoms from the active-
phase criteria in a diminished form.
What is the requirement for functioning in Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Functioning
in one or more major areas (work, interpersonal relations, self-care) must be markedly
below the level achieved prior to onset.
What factors increase the risk of hostility and aggression in individuals with
schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Younger age, male sex, history of violence,
nonadherence to treatment, substance abuse, and impulsivity.
What neurological soft signs are commonly associated with schizophrenia? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Impairments in motor coordination, sensory integration, motor
sequencing, left-right confusion, and disinhibition of associated movements.
What is the general prevalence rate of schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅0.3% to 0.7%.
How does the peak onset of schizophrenia differ between men and women? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Men typically peak in their mid-20s, while women peak in their late-20s.
What is the relationship between estrogen levels and psychosis in women with
schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Psychosis often worsens during premenstrual periods
when estrogen levels drop, leading to increased psychiatric admissions.
What is the typical developmental trajectory of schizophrenia symptoms? -
ANSWER✅✅✅A slow and gradual development of social withdrawal, emotional
changes, and cognitive changes leading to role functioning deterioration.
How are delusions defined in the context of DSM-5? -ANSWER✅✅✅Fixed beliefs that
are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.
What is the most common type of delusion? -ANSWER✅✅✅Persecutory delusions,
involving the belief that one is being harmed or harassed.
What characterizes a grandiose delusion? -ANSWER✅✅✅The belief that an individual
possesses exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame.
What are referential delusions? -ANSWER✅✅✅The belief that environmental cues,
gestures, or comments are directed specifically at oneself.
What distinguishes 'bizarre' delusions? -ANSWER✅✅✅They are clearly impossible,
not understandable, and do not derive from ordinary life experiences.
Define 'thought insertion' in the context of schizophrenia. -ANSWER✅✅✅The belief
that alien thoughts have been put into one's mind by an outside force.
What are hallucinations? -ANSWER✅✅✅Perception-like experiences that occur
without an external stimulus.
What is the most common type of hallucination? -ANSWER✅✅✅Auditory
hallucinations, usually experienced as voices distinct from one's own thoughts.
What is 'word salad'? -ANSWER✅✅✅A form of severely disorganized speech.
What is catatonic behavior? -ANSWER✅✅✅A marked decrease in reactivity to the
environment, ranging from negativism to mutism or stupor.
Define avolition. -ANSWER✅✅✅A decrease in motivated, self-initiated, purposeful
activities.
What is alogia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Diminished speech output.
What is anhedonia? -ANSWER✅✅✅The decreased ability to experience pleasure.
What is asociality? -ANSWER✅✅✅An apparent lack of interest in social interactions.
,What is the primary diagnostic criterion for Delusional Disorder regarding duration? -
ANSWER✅✅✅The presence of one or more delusions for a duration of 1 month or
longer.
Which type of delusional disorder is more common in men? -ANSWER✅✅✅The
jealous type.
What is the typical behavior of individuals with Delusional Disorder when not discussing
their delusions? -ANSWER✅✅✅They often appear to have normal behavior and
appearance.
What is the required duration for a diagnosis of Brief Psychotic Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅At least 1 day but less than 1 month, with an eventual full return to
premorbid functioning.
What are the two main specifiers for Brief Psychotic Disorder regarding stressors? -
ANSWER✅✅✅With marked stressors (brief reactive psychosis) and without marked
stressors.
What is the average age of onset for Brief Psychotic Disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Mid-
30s.
What is the diagnostic duration requirement for Schizophreniform Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅At least 1 month but less than 6 months.
What is the difference between hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Hypnagogic occur while falling asleep; hypnopompic occur while
waking up; both are considered within the range of normal experience.
What is 'derailment' in disorganized thinking? -ANSWER✅✅✅A pattern of speech
where the individual switches from one topic to another.
What is the prevalence of Delusional Disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅0.2%.
When should a diagnosis be labeled as 'provisional'? -ANSWER✅✅✅When the
diagnosis must be made without waiting for full recovery.
What must be ruled out to diagnose Schizophreniform Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with
psychotic features.
What are the two 'good prognostic features' for Schizophreniform Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Onset of prominent psychotic symptoms within 4 weeks of the first
,change in functioning, good premorbid social/occupational functioning, and absence of
blunted/flat affect.
What percentage of individuals with Schizophreniform Disorder eventually receive a
diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Two-thirds.
How many symptoms from the diagnostic criteria must be present for a diagnosis of
Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Two or more, present for a significant portion of time
during a 1-month period.
Which three symptoms are mandatory to include at least one of for a Schizophrenia
diagnosis? -ANSWER✅✅✅Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
What is the minimum duration of continuous signs of disturbance required for a
Schizophrenia diagnosis? -ANSWER✅✅✅At least 6 months.
How is the 6-month duration for Schizophrenia characterized? -ANSWER✅✅✅It must
include at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms and may include periods of
prodromal or residual symptoms.
What is the requirement for diagnosing Schizophrenia in individuals with a history of
Autism or communication disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Prominent delusions or
hallucinations must be present for at least 1 month in addition to other required
symptoms.
What is 'anosognosia' in the context of Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅A lack of
insight or awareness of the disorder.
Is unawareness of illness in Schizophrenia considered a coping strategy? -
ANSWER✅✅✅No, it is typically a symptom of the disorder itself.
What are the negative consequences of anosognosia in Schizophrenia patients? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Nonadherence to treatment, higher relapse rates, increased involuntary
treatments, poorer psychosocial functioning, and aggression.
What are common associated features of Schizophrenia regarding mood and affect? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Inappropriate affect, dysphoric mood (depression, anxiety, anger),
disturbed sleep, and lack of interest in eating.
What cognitive issue is strongly linked to vocational and functional impairment in
Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Cognitive deficits.
What are the three ways to specify the course of Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅First
episode, multiple episodes, or continuous.
, What are the three possible states for an episode of Schizophrenia? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Acute episode, partial remission, or full remission.
What must be ruled out regarding substance use for both Schizophreniform and
Schizophrenia diagnoses? -ANSWER✅✅✅The disturbance must not be attributed to
substance drug abuse.
What is the risk for relatives of individuals with Schizophreniform disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅They have an increased risk for schizophrenia.
What is the definition of negative symptoms in the context of Schizophrenia? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Diminished emotional expression.
What can manifest during the prodromal or residual phases of Schizophrenia? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Only negative symptoms or two or more symptoms from the active-
phase criteria in a diminished form.
What is the requirement for functioning in Schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Functioning
in one or more major areas (work, interpersonal relations, self-care) must be markedly
below the level achieved prior to onset.
What factors increase the risk of hostility and aggression in individuals with
schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Younger age, male sex, history of violence,
nonadherence to treatment, substance abuse, and impulsivity.
What neurological soft signs are commonly associated with schizophrenia? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Impairments in motor coordination, sensory integration, motor
sequencing, left-right confusion, and disinhibition of associated movements.
What is the general prevalence rate of schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅0.3% to 0.7%.
How does the peak onset of schizophrenia differ between men and women? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Men typically peak in their mid-20s, while women peak in their late-20s.
What is the relationship between estrogen levels and psychosis in women with
schizophrenia? -ANSWER✅✅✅Psychosis often worsens during premenstrual periods
when estrogen levels drop, leading to increased psychiatric admissions.
What is the typical developmental trajectory of schizophrenia symptoms? -
ANSWER✅✅✅A slow and gradual development of social withdrawal, emotional
changes, and cognitive changes leading to role functioning deterioration.
