NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm QUESTIONS
WITH WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS
Asthma - answer☑️✔️..Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - answer☑️✔️..coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - answer☑️✔️..-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity
and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - answer☑️✔️..smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - answer☑️✔️..innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - answer☑️✔️..the middle layer of the bronchioles
,structure of the lamina propria - answer☑️✔️..embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - answer☑️✔️..white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - answer☑️✔️..the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host
tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answer☑️✔️..columnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answer☑️✔️..smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - answer☑️✔️..control the airways ability
to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - answer☑️✔️..When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - answer☑️✔️..the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - answer☑️✔️..-expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
, What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - answer☑️✔️..tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - answer☑️✔️..These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - answer☑️✔️..the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors
of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - answer☑️✔️..inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - answer☑️✔️..bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - answer☑️✔️..The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - answer☑️✔️..cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
WITH WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS
Asthma - answer☑️✔️..Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - answer☑️✔️..coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - answer☑️✔️..-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity
and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - answer☑️✔️..smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become
the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - answer☑️✔️..innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - answer☑️✔️..the middle layer of the bronchioles
,structure of the lamina propria - answer☑️✔️..embedded with connective tissue cells and
immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - answer☑️✔️..white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - answer☑️✔️..the WBCs
protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages host
tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answer☑️✔️..columnar epithelial
ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - answer☑️✔️..smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - answer☑️✔️..control the airways ability
to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - answer☑️✔️..When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it
should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? - answer☑️✔️..the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - answer☑️✔️..-expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
, What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - answer☑️✔️..tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - answer☑️✔️..These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - answer☑️✔️..the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors
of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - answer☑️✔️..inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - answer☑️✔️..bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - answer☑️✔️..The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and
tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - answer☑️✔️..cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
