NR 511 Final Exam SANNER Study
Questions with complete solution
2025/2026
IBD - correct answer ✔mucosal surface of the colon is inflamed-most often occurs in the rectosigmoid
areas, but may involve the entire colon
Ulcerative colitis - correct answer ✔•Results in friability, erosions, and bleeding
•Characterized by bloody and purulent diarrhea
UC treatment - correct answer ✔•total colectomy is a treatment option that can completely resolve
this problem.
diverticulitis - correct answer ✔present with bleeding not associated with pain or discomfort.
who is at high risk ? - correct answer ✔obesity
what are the symptoms if diverticula become inflamed? - correct answer ✔symptoms of infection-
fever, chills, and tachycardia
diverticulitis-typically present with? - correct answer ✔localized pain and tenderness in the LLQ of the
abdomen with associated anorexia, nausea and vomiting
diverticulitis-best management? - correct answer ✔High-fiber diet
diagnostic tests for diverticulitis? - correct answer ✔•CT scan with contrast may sometimes be done to
r/o if the gynecologic etiology (such as ovarian cyst or tumor) as well as bowel pathology such as
abdominal abscess
,C. Diff - correct answer ✔-infection of lg intestine
-exists in air, water, soil, processed food and human feces
-cause profuse watery mucoid diarrhea
-certain types can be dangerous or life-threatening if not treated
C. Diff risk factors - correct answer ✔-Working in healthcare facility
-Long duration hospitalization
-Long-term use of antibiotics that affects normal GI flora
-Long-term use of medications that reduce GI acidity
-Consumption of contaminated food or water
-Touching infected soil, objects and surfaces
C. diff mild-moderate infection - correct answer ✔-Watery diarrhea three or more times/day for two or
more days
-Mild abdominal cramping and tenderness
C. Diff severe infection - correct answer ✔-Watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)
-Strong foul odor
-Acute abdomen secondary to toxic megacolon with perforation
-Abdominal distention
-Fever
-Nausea/vomiting/dehydration requiring hospitalization
-Blood or pus in the stools (severe cases)
C. Diff Dx - correct answer ✔•Complete blood count (CBC): elevated WBC count
, •Enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA): identifies toxins that produce C. diff bacteria
•Cell cytotoxicity assay: identifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells
•Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): detects bacterial genes
•Endoscopy: if the patient is unresponsive to treatment; will show pseudomembranes that suggest c-diff
infection
C. Diff Tx - correct answer ✔•Metronidazole
•Probiotics- to restore the healthy growth of normal GI bacteria
•Colectomy in severe cases
•Maintain fluids
•Clear liquid diet
•Eat starchy foods to prevent diarrhea
•Avoid caffeine, spicy foods, milk and greasy foods
•May require a GI consult
GERD-LES dysfunction - correct answer ✔•reduced pressure or improper relaxation allows gastric acid
to flow back into the esophagus
GERD-hiatal hernia - correct answer ✔contributes to GERD by disrupting the normal barrier between
the esophagus and stomach
GERD-esophageal motility disorder - correct answer ✔• impaired esophageal peristalsis and reduces
esophageal clearance can lead to pooling of gastric acid in the esophagus
GERD sx - correct answer ✔•Symptoms occur at night with regurgitation; heartburn is classic for GERD
(mild to severe). Dysphagia is frequently a prominent symptom of GERD. It is usually associated with
other symptoms, including regurgitation, water brash (reflex salivation), sour taste in the mouth in the
morning, odynophagia, belching, coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing, usually at night.
Questions with complete solution
2025/2026
IBD - correct answer ✔mucosal surface of the colon is inflamed-most often occurs in the rectosigmoid
areas, but may involve the entire colon
Ulcerative colitis - correct answer ✔•Results in friability, erosions, and bleeding
•Characterized by bloody and purulent diarrhea
UC treatment - correct answer ✔•total colectomy is a treatment option that can completely resolve
this problem.
diverticulitis - correct answer ✔present with bleeding not associated with pain or discomfort.
who is at high risk ? - correct answer ✔obesity
what are the symptoms if diverticula become inflamed? - correct answer ✔symptoms of infection-
fever, chills, and tachycardia
diverticulitis-typically present with? - correct answer ✔localized pain and tenderness in the LLQ of the
abdomen with associated anorexia, nausea and vomiting
diverticulitis-best management? - correct answer ✔High-fiber diet
diagnostic tests for diverticulitis? - correct answer ✔•CT scan with contrast may sometimes be done to
r/o if the gynecologic etiology (such as ovarian cyst or tumor) as well as bowel pathology such as
abdominal abscess
,C. Diff - correct answer ✔-infection of lg intestine
-exists in air, water, soil, processed food and human feces
-cause profuse watery mucoid diarrhea
-certain types can be dangerous or life-threatening if not treated
C. Diff risk factors - correct answer ✔-Working in healthcare facility
-Long duration hospitalization
-Long-term use of antibiotics that affects normal GI flora
-Long-term use of medications that reduce GI acidity
-Consumption of contaminated food or water
-Touching infected soil, objects and surfaces
C. diff mild-moderate infection - correct answer ✔-Watery diarrhea three or more times/day for two or
more days
-Mild abdominal cramping and tenderness
C. Diff severe infection - correct answer ✔-Watery diarrhea (10-15 stools/day)
-Strong foul odor
-Acute abdomen secondary to toxic megacolon with perforation
-Abdominal distention
-Fever
-Nausea/vomiting/dehydration requiring hospitalization
-Blood or pus in the stools (severe cases)
C. Diff Dx - correct answer ✔•Complete blood count (CBC): elevated WBC count
, •Enzyme-linked immunodeficiency assay (ELISA): identifies toxins that produce C. diff bacteria
•Cell cytotoxicity assay: identifies the effects of bacterial toxins on human cells
•Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): detects bacterial genes
•Endoscopy: if the patient is unresponsive to treatment; will show pseudomembranes that suggest c-diff
infection
C. Diff Tx - correct answer ✔•Metronidazole
•Probiotics- to restore the healthy growth of normal GI bacteria
•Colectomy in severe cases
•Maintain fluids
•Clear liquid diet
•Eat starchy foods to prevent diarrhea
•Avoid caffeine, spicy foods, milk and greasy foods
•May require a GI consult
GERD-LES dysfunction - correct answer ✔•reduced pressure or improper relaxation allows gastric acid
to flow back into the esophagus
GERD-hiatal hernia - correct answer ✔contributes to GERD by disrupting the normal barrier between
the esophagus and stomach
GERD-esophageal motility disorder - correct answer ✔• impaired esophageal peristalsis and reduces
esophageal clearance can lead to pooling of gastric acid in the esophagus
GERD sx - correct answer ✔•Symptoms occur at night with regurgitation; heartburn is classic for GERD
(mild to severe). Dysphagia is frequently a prominent symptom of GERD. It is usually associated with
other symptoms, including regurgitation, water brash (reflex salivation), sour taste in the mouth in the
morning, odynophagia, belching, coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing, usually at night.
