CALT FINAL PAPER 2026 ANSWERS
BUNDLED REVIEW
⩥ phonetics. Answer: the study of speech sounds in spoken language
⩥ phonological awareness. Answer: the ability to focus on units of
sound in spoken language at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme
levels
⩥ phonemic awareness. Answer: awareness of speech sounds or
phonemes in spoken words
⩥ phonics. Answer: instruction that connects sounds and letters
⩥ synthetic phonics. Answer: explicitly teaches individual grapheme-
phoneme correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or
whole words
⩥ alphabetic principle. Answer: the understanding that spoken sounds
are represented in print by written letters
⩥ phonology. Answer: the rules that determine how sounds are used in
spoken language
,⩥ fluency. Answer: reading with rapidity and automaticity
⩥ prosody. Answer: the rhythmic flow of oral reading
⩥ pragmatics. Answer: set of rules that dictate communicative behavior
and use of language, rules we communicate by
⩥ syntax. Answer: sentence structure, grammar, usage
⩥ semantics. Answer: content of language, used to express knowledge of
the world around us - meaning
⩥ phoneme. Answer: smallest unit of sound in a syllable
⩥ spelling. Answer: sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect
grapheme to phoneme
⩥ orthography. Answer: the spelling of written language
⩥ orthographic memory. Answer: memory of letter patterns and word
spellings
, ⩥ metalinguistics. Answer: awareness of language as an entity
⩥ guided discovery. Answer: a method of leading students to new
learning through questioning
⩥ Heuristic. Answer: Enable a person to learn for themselves
⩥ grapheme. Answer: a letter or letter cluster that represents a single
speech sound
⩥ decoding. Answer: word recognition in which the phonetic code is
broken down to determine a word
⩥ blending. Answer: fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into
meaningful units
⩥ reading. Answer: symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
⩥ morpheme. Answer: the smallest meaningful unit of language - a
suffix, prefix, root or stem such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such
as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling
ability greatly depend on knowledge of word structure at the level of
morphemes.
BUNDLED REVIEW
⩥ phonetics. Answer: the study of speech sounds in spoken language
⩥ phonological awareness. Answer: the ability to focus on units of
sound in spoken language at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme
levels
⩥ phonemic awareness. Answer: awareness of speech sounds or
phonemes in spoken words
⩥ phonics. Answer: instruction that connects sounds and letters
⩥ synthetic phonics. Answer: explicitly teaches individual grapheme-
phoneme correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or
whole words
⩥ alphabetic principle. Answer: the understanding that spoken sounds
are represented in print by written letters
⩥ phonology. Answer: the rules that determine how sounds are used in
spoken language
,⩥ fluency. Answer: reading with rapidity and automaticity
⩥ prosody. Answer: the rhythmic flow of oral reading
⩥ pragmatics. Answer: set of rules that dictate communicative behavior
and use of language, rules we communicate by
⩥ syntax. Answer: sentence structure, grammar, usage
⩥ semantics. Answer: content of language, used to express knowledge of
the world around us - meaning
⩥ phoneme. Answer: smallest unit of sound in a syllable
⩥ spelling. Answer: sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect
grapheme to phoneme
⩥ orthography. Answer: the spelling of written language
⩥ orthographic memory. Answer: memory of letter patterns and word
spellings
, ⩥ metalinguistics. Answer: awareness of language as an entity
⩥ guided discovery. Answer: a method of leading students to new
learning through questioning
⩥ Heuristic. Answer: Enable a person to learn for themselves
⩥ grapheme. Answer: a letter or letter cluster that represents a single
speech sound
⩥ decoding. Answer: word recognition in which the phonetic code is
broken down to determine a word
⩥ blending. Answer: fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into
meaningful units
⩥ reading. Answer: symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
⩥ morpheme. Answer: the smallest meaningful unit of language - a
suffix, prefix, root or stem such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such
as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling
ability greatly depend on knowledge of word structure at the level of
morphemes.
