EDF 6222 Final 2026-2027 Questions
With Correct Verified Answers
psychophysical parallelism - CORRECT ANSWER -While some methodological
behaviorists accept that there are mental states, they have ruled them completely out of
consideration. This is not a new concept and was once referred to as .
methodological - CORRECT ANSWER -behaviorism might be thought of as a
psychological version of logical positivism or operationism.
introspection - CORRECT ANSWER -Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to
describe sensations, images, and feelings
philosophy - CORRECT ANSWER -"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior;
it is the of that science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3).
parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER -With , we look for the simplest explanation possible,
not extensive mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication - CORRECT ANSWER -In order to be excellent stewards of
science, as behavior analysts, we can follow a few guidelines when gathering and
evaluating evidence. This includes reducing ___ by ensuring interobserver agreement,
examining for actual ___(as opposed to effects that could have produced changes
without the intervention), ___ , and self-correction.
evidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is
available, assumptions should not be made.
science, lawful relations - CORRECT ANSWER -"___ is more than the mere description
of events as they occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to show that certain events
stand in ___ to other events (Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
mentalistic, explanatory - CORRECT ANSWER -In Pavlov's early research, he did not
jump to conclusions to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore
salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that allowed him to show that
particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His careful analysis of the
scientific method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions
debilitating - CORRECT ANSWER -The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates
that they are for the survival of the organism. However, we know all too well that
sometimes responses can be conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __
purpose - to our complex lives.
, conditioning, stimulus control, novel - CORRECT ANSWER -Skinner (1953) informed us
"Although the process of __ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does
not bring all the behavior of the organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add
numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - CORRECT ANSWER -According to Skinner,
contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of survival because
contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and the conditions under
which a species acquires behavior are relatively __ and can often be manipulated".
ontogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during
its lifetime.
phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -is behaviors that have been passed down over the
lifetime of the entire species.
chain, learned - CORRECT ANSWER -It can be difficult to distinguish between
ontogenetic and phylogenic established behaviors. For a person viewing a complex __
for the first time, it may seem mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back
to the shaping process. Just because the shaping process was not observed, it does
not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a spider spin a web "no
comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at work
(Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
genes, environment, cause - CORRECT ANSWER -Moore (2015) stated " __
predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence from the __ (p. 27). We must be
careful not to assert that genes "__ " behavior; rather, they set up the physical basis for
the processes and structures that participate in behavior. Behavior still occurs in the
context of the environment.
model - CORRECT ANSWER -Imitative responses necessarily require the learner to
orient toward the __ rather than the topographical correspondence of their behavior with
respect to the model.
discriminative control - CORRECT ANSWER -The use of the mirror provides the
additional feedback required to receive __ of the model.
think - CORRECT ANSWER -The most substantial origins of our understanding of
operant behavior derived from Darwin's controversial idea that humans were not unique
in their ability to
law of effect, pleasant, decrease - CORRECT ANSWER -Thorndike's __ succinctly
explained that organisms tend to learn new things when behaviors are followed by __
stimuli and that behaviors tend to __ when followed by negative stimuli
With Correct Verified Answers
psychophysical parallelism - CORRECT ANSWER -While some methodological
behaviorists accept that there are mental states, they have ruled them completely out of
consideration. This is not a new concept and was once referred to as .
methodological - CORRECT ANSWER -behaviorism might be thought of as a
psychological version of logical positivism or operationism.
introspection - CORRECT ANSWER -Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to
describe sensations, images, and feelings
philosophy - CORRECT ANSWER -"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior;
it is the of that science" (Skinner, 1974. p.3).
parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER -With , we look for the simplest explanation possible,
not extensive mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication - CORRECT ANSWER -In order to be excellent stewards of
science, as behavior analysts, we can follow a few guidelines when gathering and
evaluating evidence. This includes reducing ___ by ensuring interobserver agreement,
examining for actual ___(as opposed to effects that could have produced changes
without the intervention), ___ , and self-correction.
evidence - CORRECT ANSWER -Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is
available, assumptions should not be made.
science, lawful relations - CORRECT ANSWER -"___ is more than the mere description
of events as they occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to show that certain events
stand in ___ to other events (Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
mentalistic, explanatory - CORRECT ANSWER -In Pavlov's early research, he did not
jump to conclusions to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore
salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that allowed him to show that
particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His careful analysis of the
scientific method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions
debilitating - CORRECT ANSWER -The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates
that they are for the survival of the organism. However, we know all too well that
sometimes responses can be conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __
purpose - to our complex lives.
, conditioning, stimulus control, novel - CORRECT ANSWER -Skinner (1953) informed us
"Although the process of __ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does
not bring all the behavior of the organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add
numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - CORRECT ANSWER -According to Skinner,
contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of survival because
contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and the conditions under
which a species acquires behavior are relatively __ and can often be manipulated".
ontogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during
its lifetime.
phylogeny - CORRECT ANSWER -is behaviors that have been passed down over the
lifetime of the entire species.
chain, learned - CORRECT ANSWER -It can be difficult to distinguish between
ontogenetic and phylogenic established behaviors. For a person viewing a complex __
for the first time, it may seem mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back
to the shaping process. Just because the shaping process was not observed, it does
not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a spider spin a web "no
comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at work
(Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
genes, environment, cause - CORRECT ANSWER -Moore (2015) stated " __
predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence from the __ (p. 27). We must be
careful not to assert that genes "__ " behavior; rather, they set up the physical basis for
the processes and structures that participate in behavior. Behavior still occurs in the
context of the environment.
model - CORRECT ANSWER -Imitative responses necessarily require the learner to
orient toward the __ rather than the topographical correspondence of their behavior with
respect to the model.
discriminative control - CORRECT ANSWER -The use of the mirror provides the
additional feedback required to receive __ of the model.
think - CORRECT ANSWER -The most substantial origins of our understanding of
operant behavior derived from Darwin's controversial idea that humans were not unique
in their ability to
law of effect, pleasant, decrease - CORRECT ANSWER -Thorndike's __ succinctly
explained that organisms tend to learn new things when behaviors are followed by __
stimuli and that behaviors tend to __ when followed by negative stimuli
