MCB2000 Exam 1 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
Define microbe. - ANSWER A microorganism, especially a pathogenic one
What is the unit of life? - ANSWER the cell
What are the hallmarks of a cell? - ANSWER cell membrane
semi-permeable
chromosome of DNA
self replication
source of energy
Why do viruses not fit the minimum requirements of a cell? - ANSWER acellular
need a host
What are the three domains of microorganisms?
Which are prokaryotes and which are eukaryotes? - ANSWER Bacteria (P)
Archaea (P)
Eukarya (E)
What are the five kingdoms of living organisms?
Which are prokaryotes and which are eukaryotes? - ANSWER Plants (E)
Fungi (E)
Animals (E)
Protists (E)
Monera (P)
Which kingdom do viruses belong to? explain. - ANSWER None. They lack cells.
How do microbes shape the planet? - ANSWER ultimate recyclers, fix CO2 into
organic and Nitrogen into ammonia
What is meant by Recombinant DNA technology? - ANSWER has multiple
sources
transfers genetic material from one organism to another to deliberately alter the
DNA and produce a specific product
What is meant by bioremediation? - ANSWER the use of microorganisms,
naturally occurring or artificially introduced, to restore stability or clean up toxic
pollutants
, List important contributions by Koch to microbio - ANSWER - stabilized
relationship between Bacillus anthracis and anthrax
- proposed Koch's postulates (link between microorganisms and disease)
- led to discovery of agar, petri dish, and methods for isolating microorganisms
List important contributions by Pasteur to microbio - ANSWER - disproves theory
of Spontaneous generation
- demonstrated fermentation is the result of microbial activity
- vaccine for rabies and anthrax
Examples of Bacterial morphology - ANSWER cocci, spiral, bacilli
What are the important features of plasma membrane? - ANSWER it controls
what goes into and out of the cell
What is meant by fluid-mosaic model, semi-permeable or selective permeability?
- ANSWER cell membrane as a 2-D liquid that restricts the diffusion of membrane
components
Which molecules can easily pass through cell membranes without carriers? -
ANSWER water, CO2, small uncharged lipids, small nonpolar molecules
Define/compare
Passive diffusion and active transport - ANSWER - Passive diffusion across a cell
membrane. Passive transport is a movement of biochemicals and other atomic
or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.
- Active Transport is the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane
into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring
energy.
Define/compare
Simple and facilitated diffusion - ANSWER - Simple Diffusion is a process
whereby a substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an
intermediary such as a integral membrane protein. The force that drives the
substance from one side of the membrane to the other is the force of diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion is the process of spontaneous passive transport of
molecules or ions across a cell's membrane via specific transmembrane integral
proteins.
What is a terminal electron acceptor?
Aerobic examples?
Anaerobic examples? - ANSWER a compound that receives or accepts an
electron during cellular respiration or photosynthesis
- Aerobic: oxygen and pyruvate
- Anaerobic: molecules such as sulfate (SO 4 2-), nitrate (NO 3 -), or sulfur (S) are
used as electron acceptors
Complete Solutions
Define microbe. - ANSWER A microorganism, especially a pathogenic one
What is the unit of life? - ANSWER the cell
What are the hallmarks of a cell? - ANSWER cell membrane
semi-permeable
chromosome of DNA
self replication
source of energy
Why do viruses not fit the minimum requirements of a cell? - ANSWER acellular
need a host
What are the three domains of microorganisms?
Which are prokaryotes and which are eukaryotes? - ANSWER Bacteria (P)
Archaea (P)
Eukarya (E)
What are the five kingdoms of living organisms?
Which are prokaryotes and which are eukaryotes? - ANSWER Plants (E)
Fungi (E)
Animals (E)
Protists (E)
Monera (P)
Which kingdom do viruses belong to? explain. - ANSWER None. They lack cells.
How do microbes shape the planet? - ANSWER ultimate recyclers, fix CO2 into
organic and Nitrogen into ammonia
What is meant by Recombinant DNA technology? - ANSWER has multiple
sources
transfers genetic material from one organism to another to deliberately alter the
DNA and produce a specific product
What is meant by bioremediation? - ANSWER the use of microorganisms,
naturally occurring or artificially introduced, to restore stability or clean up toxic
pollutants
, List important contributions by Koch to microbio - ANSWER - stabilized
relationship between Bacillus anthracis and anthrax
- proposed Koch's postulates (link between microorganisms and disease)
- led to discovery of agar, petri dish, and methods for isolating microorganisms
List important contributions by Pasteur to microbio - ANSWER - disproves theory
of Spontaneous generation
- demonstrated fermentation is the result of microbial activity
- vaccine for rabies and anthrax
Examples of Bacterial morphology - ANSWER cocci, spiral, bacilli
What are the important features of plasma membrane? - ANSWER it controls
what goes into and out of the cell
What is meant by fluid-mosaic model, semi-permeable or selective permeability?
- ANSWER cell membrane as a 2-D liquid that restricts the diffusion of membrane
components
Which molecules can easily pass through cell membranes without carriers? -
ANSWER water, CO2, small uncharged lipids, small nonpolar molecules
Define/compare
Passive diffusion and active transport - ANSWER - Passive diffusion across a cell
membrane. Passive transport is a movement of biochemicals and other atomic
or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.
- Active Transport is the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane
into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring
energy.
Define/compare
Simple and facilitated diffusion - ANSWER - Simple Diffusion is a process
whereby a substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an
intermediary such as a integral membrane protein. The force that drives the
substance from one side of the membrane to the other is the force of diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion is the process of spontaneous passive transport of
molecules or ions across a cell's membrane via specific transmembrane integral
proteins.
What is a terminal electron acceptor?
Aerobic examples?
Anaerobic examples? - ANSWER a compound that receives or accepts an
electron during cellular respiration or photosynthesis
- Aerobic: oxygen and pyruvate
- Anaerobic: molecules such as sulfate (SO 4 2-), nitrate (NO 3 -), or sulfur (S) are
used as electron acceptors
