Portage Learning Anatomy and Physiology 2 Module 2
Examination (A&P 2 M2) Exam Questions and Answers
Four parts of the human brain - ANSWER>>cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
diecephalon
Ventricles - ANSWER>>There are four ventricles inside of the brain. Ventricles are
cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The
ventricles include the two lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle
(Figure 2.2). The fourth ventricle drains into the central canal of the spinal cord,
which also contains CSF.
Meninges - ANSWER>>three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover
and protect central nervous system organs and enclose cerebrospinal fluid. The
leathery dura mater is the double-layered outer meninx. The middle arachnoid
meninx is a loose layer separated from the dura mater by the subdural space.
Beneath the arachnoid meninx is the subarachnoid space, which contains blood
vessels and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The inner pia mater meninx is a thin
connective tissue tightly attached to the brain.
Cerebrum - ANSWER>>Foremost part of the brain, largest part of the brain (83%
of brain mass).
Contains two large masses: left and right cerebral hemispheres. Separated by the
median longitudinal fissures
Left controls right side of body, right controls left
,responsible for a consciousness (state of being awake and aware of
surroundings_.
Governs intelligence, reasoning, higher-level things
Controls activities of "lower parts"- brainstem, diencephalon, limbic system,
cerebellum.
Can override functioning of these parts (meditation to reduce heart rate).
Initiates voluntary motor activities and controls actions of the cerebellum by
acting on sensory input via thalamus
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Choroid Plexus - ANSWER>>is a special fluid formed
in the walls of the ventricles from blood plasma by permeating through the
choroid plexus.
The choroid plexus is formed from a network of blood vessels within the
ventricles. CSF circulates through the ventricles and into the meninges. It cushions
the brain and spinal cord by providing buoyancy, allowing the brain to float. Once
formed, the CSF circulates through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid
space, bathing the brain in fluid.
Blood-brain barrier - ANSWER>>is a diffusion barrier that prevents most particles
from entering the central nervous system tissue, keeping the brain and spinal
cord separate from general blood circulation
The blood-brain barrier is formed by the relatively impermeable brain capillaries,
due to the glial cells astrocytes. Maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier is
important to provide a stable chemical environment for the nervous system. A
stable internal environment is important to protect neurons from chemical
variations that could cause uncontrollable firing of neurons.
, Gyri, sulci, fissures, transverse fissure - ANSWER>>cerebral cortex is marked by
raised ridges of tissue (gyri) separated by shallow grooves (sulci)
Deeper grooves (fissures) separate large regions of brain
Transverse sep. the cerebrum from cerebellum
corpus callosum, cerebral cortex - ANSWER>>- white nerve fibers that serve as a
bridge connecting cerebral hemispheres
-outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres, (cerebral cortex) highly convoluted
and gray
Lobes of cerebrum - ANSWER>>-divided sulci, each hemisphere has four surface
lobes
-frontal lobe- controls higher level executive functions (reasoning and decision
making)
-parietal lobe- receives sensory information from receptors in mouth for taste,
located in the skin such as touch, pressure, pain
-Occipital lob- interprets visual input
-Temporal lobe- has sensory areas for hearing and smelling
Areas of cerebral cortex - ANSWER>>-primary areas in each lobe receive or send
info for one type of sensory or motor information.
-associations areas act mainly to integrate more than one type of sensory info for
purposeful action
Examination (A&P 2 M2) Exam Questions and Answers
Four parts of the human brain - ANSWER>>cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
diecephalon
Ventricles - ANSWER>>There are four ventricles inside of the brain. Ventricles are
cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The
ventricles include the two lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle
(Figure 2.2). The fourth ventricle drains into the central canal of the spinal cord,
which also contains CSF.
Meninges - ANSWER>>three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover
and protect central nervous system organs and enclose cerebrospinal fluid. The
leathery dura mater is the double-layered outer meninx. The middle arachnoid
meninx is a loose layer separated from the dura mater by the subdural space.
Beneath the arachnoid meninx is the subarachnoid space, which contains blood
vessels and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The inner pia mater meninx is a thin
connective tissue tightly attached to the brain.
Cerebrum - ANSWER>>Foremost part of the brain, largest part of the brain (83%
of brain mass).
Contains two large masses: left and right cerebral hemispheres. Separated by the
median longitudinal fissures
Left controls right side of body, right controls left
,responsible for a consciousness (state of being awake and aware of
surroundings_.
Governs intelligence, reasoning, higher-level things
Controls activities of "lower parts"- brainstem, diencephalon, limbic system,
cerebellum.
Can override functioning of these parts (meditation to reduce heart rate).
Initiates voluntary motor activities and controls actions of the cerebellum by
acting on sensory input via thalamus
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and Choroid Plexus - ANSWER>>is a special fluid formed
in the walls of the ventricles from blood plasma by permeating through the
choroid plexus.
The choroid plexus is formed from a network of blood vessels within the
ventricles. CSF circulates through the ventricles and into the meninges. It cushions
the brain and spinal cord by providing buoyancy, allowing the brain to float. Once
formed, the CSF circulates through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid
space, bathing the brain in fluid.
Blood-brain barrier - ANSWER>>is a diffusion barrier that prevents most particles
from entering the central nervous system tissue, keeping the brain and spinal
cord separate from general blood circulation
The blood-brain barrier is formed by the relatively impermeable brain capillaries,
due to the glial cells astrocytes. Maintenance of the blood-brain-barrier is
important to provide a stable chemical environment for the nervous system. A
stable internal environment is important to protect neurons from chemical
variations that could cause uncontrollable firing of neurons.
, Gyri, sulci, fissures, transverse fissure - ANSWER>>cerebral cortex is marked by
raised ridges of tissue (gyri) separated by shallow grooves (sulci)
Deeper grooves (fissures) separate large regions of brain
Transverse sep. the cerebrum from cerebellum
corpus callosum, cerebral cortex - ANSWER>>- white nerve fibers that serve as a
bridge connecting cerebral hemispheres
-outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres, (cerebral cortex) highly convoluted
and gray
Lobes of cerebrum - ANSWER>>-divided sulci, each hemisphere has four surface
lobes
-frontal lobe- controls higher level executive functions (reasoning and decision
making)
-parietal lobe- receives sensory information from receptors in mouth for taste,
located in the skin such as touch, pressure, pain
-Occipital lob- interprets visual input
-Temporal lobe- has sensory areas for hearing and smelling
Areas of cerebral cortex - ANSWER>>-primary areas in each lobe receive or send
info for one type of sensory or motor information.
-associations areas act mainly to integrate more than one type of sensory info for
purposeful action
