PERIOPERATIVE NURSING EXAMINATION
STUDY SHEET 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉Health history -- include:. Answer: Developmental level
Medical history
Medications
Previous surgeries
Nutrition
Use of alcohol, illicit drugs, or nicotine
Activities of daily living and occupation
Coping patterns and support systems
Sociocultural needs
◉Infants in surgery. Answer: Lower blood volume (small loss of
blood will be significant)
Difficulty maintaining stable body temperature during surgery
(shivering reflex not well developed
Renal system has lower glomerular filtration rate/ creatinine
clearance (Slower metabolism of drugs that require renal
biotransformation)
, Liver immature until after first yr of life (can prolong the effects of
muscle relaxants/narcotics)
◉Elderly in surgery. Answer: Decreased ability to respond to stress
Prolonged/alteration in wound healing
Chronic illness more common
◉Surgical risks due to medications. Answer: Anticoagulants—
precipitate hemorrhage
Diuretics—electrolyte imbalances, respiratory depression from
anesthesia
Tranquilizers—increase hypotensive effects of anesthetic agents
Adrenal steroids—abrupt withdrawal may cause cardiovascular
collapse
Antibiotics in mycin group—respiratory paralysis when combined
with certain muscle relaxants
◉Nutrition considerations. Answer: Malnutrition and obesity
increase surgical risk
Surgery increases the body's need for nutrients that are necessary
for normal tissue healing
Malnourished client: increase risk for fluid and electrolyte
alterations, delay in wound healing, wound infection
STUDY SHEET 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉Health history -- include:. Answer: Developmental level
Medical history
Medications
Previous surgeries
Nutrition
Use of alcohol, illicit drugs, or nicotine
Activities of daily living and occupation
Coping patterns and support systems
Sociocultural needs
◉Infants in surgery. Answer: Lower blood volume (small loss of
blood will be significant)
Difficulty maintaining stable body temperature during surgery
(shivering reflex not well developed
Renal system has lower glomerular filtration rate/ creatinine
clearance (Slower metabolism of drugs that require renal
biotransformation)
, Liver immature until after first yr of life (can prolong the effects of
muscle relaxants/narcotics)
◉Elderly in surgery. Answer: Decreased ability to respond to stress
Prolonged/alteration in wound healing
Chronic illness more common
◉Surgical risks due to medications. Answer: Anticoagulants—
precipitate hemorrhage
Diuretics—electrolyte imbalances, respiratory depression from
anesthesia
Tranquilizers—increase hypotensive effects of anesthetic agents
Adrenal steroids—abrupt withdrawal may cause cardiovascular
collapse
Antibiotics in mycin group—respiratory paralysis when combined
with certain muscle relaxants
◉Nutrition considerations. Answer: Malnutrition and obesity
increase surgical risk
Surgery increases the body's need for nutrients that are necessary
for normal tissue healing
Malnourished client: increase risk for fluid and electrolyte
alterations, delay in wound healing, wound infection
