NATIONAL BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL
TEACHING STANDARDS COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉gender similarities hypothesis. Answer: a theory suggesting that
males and females are more alike than different on most
psychological and intellectual variables and therefore do not
demonstrate gender-specific learning styles that require unique
teaching approaches
◉giftedness. Answer: a term describing individuals with exceptional
ability, the National Association for Gifted Children defines five
elements of giftedness: artistic and creative talents, intellectual and
academic abilities, and leadership skill, however there continues to
be great variance in definitions of the "gifted"
◉Daniel Goleman. Answer: a psychologist who argues that when it
comes to predicting success in life EQ may be a better predictor than
IQ, and introduces a new gateway for measuring intelligences for
children and adults
,◉inclusion. Answer: the practice of education and integrating
children with disabilities into regular classroom settings
◉individualized education program (IEP). Answer: the mechanism
through which a disabled child's special needs are identified,
objectives and services are described, and evaluation is designed
◉Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Answer:
Federal law passed in 1990 that extends full education services and
provisions to people identified with disabilities
◉International Baccalaureate (IB). Answer: an internationally
recognized curriculum for students ages 3 through 19 that includes
rigorous science, math, and foreign language requirements along
with diverse cultural studies, the IB program is designed to develop
the intellectual, emotional, and social skills students need to learn,
live, and work in our increasingly connected globalizing world
◉learning disability. Answer: an educationally significant language
and/or learning deficit
◉learning styles. Answer: the belief that students have diverse ways
of learning, comprehending, and using information and have
different preferences, ranging from preferred light and noise levels
to independent or group learning formats
,◉least-restrictive environment. Answer: the program best suited to
meeting a disabled student's special needs without segregating the
student from the regular educational program
◉locus of control. Answer: a concept wherein learners attribute
success or failure to external or internal factors "the teacher didn't
review the material well," is an example of attribution to an external
factor and represents an external locus of control, in this case the
learner avoids responsibility for behavior, when students have an
internal locus of control, they believe that they control their fate and
take responsibility for events
◉mainstreaming (inclusion). Answer: the inclusion of special
education students in the regular education program, the nature and
extent of this inclusion should be based on meeting the special
needs of the child
◉multiple intelligences. Answer: a theory developed by Howard
Gardner to expand the concept of human intelligence to include such
areas as logical-mathematical, linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, musical,
spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist
◉neuroplasticity. Answer: the ability of our brain to change itself
and create new neural pathways
, ◉nondiscriminatory education. Answer: a principle, based on the
Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, that
mandates that children with disabilities be fairly assessed so that
they can be protected from inappropriate classification and tracking
◉portfolio. Answer: compilations of work (such as papers, projects,
videos, online activities) assembled to demonstrate growth,
creativity, and competence, often advocated as a more
comprehensive assessment than test scores
◉procedural due process. Answer: the right of children with
disabilities and their parents to be notified of school actions and
decisions; to challenge those decisions before an impartial tribunal,
using counsel and expert witnesses; to examine the school records
on which a decision is based; and to appeal whatever decision is
reached
◉regular education initiative. Answer: the attempt to reduce the
complications and expense of segregated special education efforts
by teaching special needs students in the standard educational
program through collaborative consultation, curricular
modifications, and environment adaptations
◉special education. Answer: programs and instruction for children
with physical, mental, emotional, or learning disabilities or gifted
students who need special educational services to achieve at their
ability level
TEACHING STANDARDS COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉gender similarities hypothesis. Answer: a theory suggesting that
males and females are more alike than different on most
psychological and intellectual variables and therefore do not
demonstrate gender-specific learning styles that require unique
teaching approaches
◉giftedness. Answer: a term describing individuals with exceptional
ability, the National Association for Gifted Children defines five
elements of giftedness: artistic and creative talents, intellectual and
academic abilities, and leadership skill, however there continues to
be great variance in definitions of the "gifted"
◉Daniel Goleman. Answer: a psychologist who argues that when it
comes to predicting success in life EQ may be a better predictor than
IQ, and introduces a new gateway for measuring intelligences for
children and adults
,◉inclusion. Answer: the practice of education and integrating
children with disabilities into regular classroom settings
◉individualized education program (IEP). Answer: the mechanism
through which a disabled child's special needs are identified,
objectives and services are described, and evaluation is designed
◉Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Answer:
Federal law passed in 1990 that extends full education services and
provisions to people identified with disabilities
◉International Baccalaureate (IB). Answer: an internationally
recognized curriculum for students ages 3 through 19 that includes
rigorous science, math, and foreign language requirements along
with diverse cultural studies, the IB program is designed to develop
the intellectual, emotional, and social skills students need to learn,
live, and work in our increasingly connected globalizing world
◉learning disability. Answer: an educationally significant language
and/or learning deficit
◉learning styles. Answer: the belief that students have diverse ways
of learning, comprehending, and using information and have
different preferences, ranging from preferred light and noise levels
to independent or group learning formats
,◉least-restrictive environment. Answer: the program best suited to
meeting a disabled student's special needs without segregating the
student from the regular educational program
◉locus of control. Answer: a concept wherein learners attribute
success or failure to external or internal factors "the teacher didn't
review the material well," is an example of attribution to an external
factor and represents an external locus of control, in this case the
learner avoids responsibility for behavior, when students have an
internal locus of control, they believe that they control their fate and
take responsibility for events
◉mainstreaming (inclusion). Answer: the inclusion of special
education students in the regular education program, the nature and
extent of this inclusion should be based on meeting the special
needs of the child
◉multiple intelligences. Answer: a theory developed by Howard
Gardner to expand the concept of human intelligence to include such
areas as logical-mathematical, linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, musical,
spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist
◉neuroplasticity. Answer: the ability of our brain to change itself
and create new neural pathways
, ◉nondiscriminatory education. Answer: a principle, based on the
Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, that
mandates that children with disabilities be fairly assessed so that
they can be protected from inappropriate classification and tracking
◉portfolio. Answer: compilations of work (such as papers, projects,
videos, online activities) assembled to demonstrate growth,
creativity, and competence, often advocated as a more
comprehensive assessment than test scores
◉procedural due process. Answer: the right of children with
disabilities and their parents to be notified of school actions and
decisions; to challenge those decisions before an impartial tribunal,
using counsel and expert witnesses; to examine the school records
on which a decision is based; and to appeal whatever decision is
reached
◉regular education initiative. Answer: the attempt to reduce the
complications and expense of segregated special education efforts
by teaching special needs students in the standard educational
program through collaborative consultation, curricular
modifications, and environment adaptations
◉special education. Answer: programs and instruction for children
with physical, mental, emotional, or learning disabilities or gifted
students who need special educational services to achieve at their
ability level
