Save time and read these Anatomy & Physiology - Chapter 2 questions and answers

What is the basic unit of matter in human biology? ️️ The atom is the basic unit of matter in human biology. What is the role of electrons in an atom? ️️ Electrons are responsible for chemical bonding and reactions. What is a molecule? ️️ A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together. What type of bond involves sharing electrons? ️️ A covalent bond involves sharing electrons. What type of bond forms when electrons are transferred? ️️ An ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred. What is water considered in the body? ️️ Water is the universal solvent in the human body. Why is water important for cells? ️️ It supports chemical reactions and transports substances. What is pH a measure of? ️️ pH measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is. What is the pH of pure water? ️️ The pH of pure water is 7. What is an acid in biological terms? ️️ An acid is a substance that releases hydrogen ions in solution. What is a base? ️️ A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions or releases hydroxide ions. What is a buffer system? ️️ A buffer system resists changes in pH. 2 What are carbohydrates mainly used for? ️️ Carbohydrates are mainly used for energy. What is the simplest form of carbohydrate? ️️ The simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides. What is glucose? ️️ Glucose is a simple sugar used for cellular energy. What are lipids primarily used for? ️️ Lipids are primarily used for long-term energy storage. What is a triglyceride made of? ️️ A triglyceride is made of glycerol and three fatty acids. What is the main function of proteins? ️️ Proteins build and repair tissues and act as enzymes. What are amino acids? ️️ Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. What is a peptide bond? ️️ A peptide bond links amino acids together. What do enzymes do? ️️ Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body. What is enzyme specificity? ️️ Enzyme specificity means an enzyme works on only one type of substrate. What is DNA? ️️ DNA is the genetic material that stores hereditary information. What is RNA? ️️ RNA is involved in protein synthesis. What is ATP? ️️ ATP is the main energy currency of the cell. What does ATP stand for? ️️ ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. What happens when ATP is broken down? ️️ Energy is released for cellular activities. 3 What is metabolism? ️️ Metabolism is all chemical reactions in the body. What is anabolism? ️️ Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules. What is catabolism? ️️ Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. What is homeostasis? ️️ Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment. Why is homeostasis important? ️️ It allows the body to function properly despite external changes. What is a cell? ️️ A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. What is the cell membrane? ️️ The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. What is diffusion? ️️ Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration. What is osmosis? ️️ Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. What is active transport? ️️ Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient using energy. What is passive transport? ️️ Passive transport does not require energy to move substances. What is a receptor protein? ️️ A receptor protein receives signals from outside the cell. What is cytoplasm? ️️ Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell. What is the nucleus? ️️ The nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell activities. What is chromatin? ️️ Chromatin is DNA and protein found in the nucleus. 4 What is a chromosome? ️️ A chromosome is a condensed form of chromatin. What is mitosis? ️️ Mitosis is cell division producing two identical cells. What is meiosis? ️️ Meiosis is cell division producing sex cells. What is a tissue? ️️ A tissue is a group of similar cells performing a specific function.