Last minute exam prep Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane? ️️ It controls what enters and leaves the cell and maintains internal balance. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in most human cells? ️️ The mitochondrion. What is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body? ️️ The cell. What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines internal organs? ️️ Epithelial tissue. Which blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen? ️️ Red blood cells (erythrocytes). What is the primary function of the skeletal system? ️️ To support the body and protect vital organs. Which muscle type is found in the heart? ️️ Cardiac muscle. What is the role of white blood cells? ️️ To defend the body against infection. Which system controls hormones in the body? ️️ The endocrine system. What is the smallest structural unit of a muscle? ️️ The sarcomere. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination? ️️ The cerebellum. What is the main function of the kidneys? ️️ To filter blood and produce urine. Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing? ️️ The epiglottis. 2 What gas is primarily exchanged in the lungs? ️️ Oxygen and carbon dioxide. What is the function of the liver in digestion? ️️ It produces bile to help break down fats. Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? ️️ Arteries. What is the basic functional unit of the kidney? ️️ The nephron. Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering? ️️ The iris. What is the main function of the nervous system? ️️ To transmit signals and control body activities. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels? ️️ Insulin. What is the function of the lymphatic system? ️️ To drain excess fluid and support immune defense. Which organ produces insulin? ️️ The pancreas. What is the largest organ of the human body? ️️ The skin. Which type of joint is found in the shoulder? ️️ A ball-and-socket joint. What is the function of alveoli in the lungs? ️️ Gas exchange between air and blood. Which part of the brain controls breathing rate? ️️ The medulla oblongata. What is the main function of the stomach? ️️ To digest food using acid and enzymes. Which tissue connects muscles to bones? ️️ Tendons. 3 What is the role of hemoglobin? ️️ To transport oxygen in the blood. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? ️️ The left ventricle. What is homeostasis? ️️ The maintenance of a stable internal environment. Which system includes bones and joints? ️️ The skeletal system. What is the function of the large intestine? ️️ To absorb water and form feces. Which part of the neuron receives signals? ️️ Dendrites. What is the role of platelets? ️️ To help blood clot. Which hormone triggers fight-or-flight response? ️️ Adrenaline (epinephrine). What is the function of the thyroid gland? ️️ To regulate metabolism. Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder? ️️ The ureter. What is the function of the trachea? ️️ To carry air to the lungs. Which system protects the body from pathogens? ️️ The immune system. What is the role of the hypothalamus? ️️ To regulate temperature and hormone control. Which part of the eye detects light? ️️ The retina. What is the function of synovial fluid? ️️ To lubricate joints. 4 Which structure carries nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body? ️️ The axon. What is the main function of the testes? ️️ To produce sperm and testosterone. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption? ️️ Vitamin D. What is the function of the spleen? ️️ To filter blood and support immune function.