NR-283 Pathophysiology Week 2 Quiz 2026/2027 | Verified Q&A with Rationales | Chamberlain | Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded

Pass your NR-283 Pathophysiology Week 2 Quiz at Chamberlain University with this comprehensive resource featuring verified questions, answers, and detailed rationales – all 100% correct and A+ graded for the 2026/2027 curriculum. This A+ Graded resource for the NR-283 Pathophysiology Week 2 Quiz (2026/2027 | Chamberlain University) contains verified questions, answers, and rationales covering every essential topic required for success on the second weekly quiz. Comprehensive Content Coverage Includes: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances: Body fluid compartments – intracellular fluid (ICF, 2/3 of body water), extracellular fluid (ECF – interstitial and intravascular, 1/3). Measurement units – osmolality, tonicity, mEq/L. Water balance – thirst mechanism, ADH, aldosterone, natriuretic peptides. Sodium imbalances: Hyponatremia (serum Na 135 mEq/L) – causes (SIADH, heart failure, vomiting, diuretics, water intoxication), manifestations (nausea, confusion, seizures, coma). Hypernatremia (serum Na 145 mEq/L) – causes (diabetes insipidus, dehydration, excessive sodium intake), manifestations (thirst, dry mucous membranes, agitation, hyperreflexia). Potassium imbalances: Hypokalemia (serum K 3.5 mEq/L) – causes (diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, alkalosis), manifestations (muscle weakness, ileus, U waves, arrhythmias). Hyperkalemia (serum K 5.0 mEq/L) – causes (renal failure, ACE inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, acidosis), manifestations (muscle cramps, paresthesias, peaked T waves, cardiac arrest). Calcium imbalances: Hypocalcemia (serum Ca 8.5 mg/dL) – causes (hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, pancreatitis, renal failure), manifestations (tetany, Chvostek's sign, Trousseau's sign, prolonged QT). Hypercalcemia (serum Ca 10.2 mg/dL) – causes (hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, immobilization, thiazides), manifestations (bone pain, kidney stones, constipation, shortened QT, lethargy). Magnesium and phosphate imbalances: Hypomagnesemia (alcoholism, diuretics, diarrhea – neuromuscular irritability), hypermagnesemia (renal failure, laxative abuse – hyporeflexia, hypotension). Hypophosphatemia (refeeding syndrome, alcohol withdrawal – muscle weakness, respiratory failure), hyperphosphatemia (renal failure, tumor lysis – metastatic calcification). Acid-Base Imbalances: Normal pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO2 35-45 mmHg (respiratory component), HCO3 22-26 mEq/L (metabolic component). Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Primary disorders and compensation: Respiratory acidosis: PaCO2 45, pH 7.35 – causes (COPD, hypoventilation, opioid overdose, pneumonia). Compensation: metabolic alkalosis (increased HCO3, renal retention). Respiratory alkalosis: PaCO2 35, pH 7.45 – causes (hyperventilation, anxiety, pulmonary embolism, high altitude). Compensation: metabolic acidosis (decreased HCO3, renal excretion). Metabolic acidosis: HCO3 22, pH 7.35 – causes (DKA, lactic acidosis, renal failure, diarrhea, methanol/ethylene glycol). Anion gap calculation (Na – Cl – HCO3, normal 8-12). Compensation: respiratory alkalosis (Kussmaul breathing, decreased PaCO2). Metabolic alkalosis: HCO3 26, pH 7.45 – causes (vomiting, NG suction, diuretics, mineralocorticoid excess). Compensation: respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation, increased PaCO2). Mixed disorders and ABG interpretation (e.g., respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis in COPD patient on diuretics). Genetics and Genetic Disorders: DNA structure (double helix, nucleotides – A, T, G, C), genes, chromosomes (23 pairs, autosomes and sex chromosomes), mutations (point mutations, frameshift, trinucleotide repeats). Modes of inheritance: Autosomal dominant (Huntington's disease, Marfan syndrome, familial hypercholesterolemia – one affected allele, variable penetrance), autosomal recessive (cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, phenylketonuria – two affected alleles, carrier state), X-linked recessive (hemophilia A and B, Duchenne muscular dystrophy – males affected, females carriers), X-linked dominant (Rett syndrome, fragile X syndrome), mitochondrial inheritance (Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy). Chromosomal abnormalities: Aneuploidy (Down syndrome – trisomy 21, Edwards syndrome – trisomy 18, Patau syndrome – trisomy 13, Turner syndrome – 45,XO, Klinefelter syndrome – 47,XXY). Structural abnormalities (deletions – Cri-du-chat syndrome; translocations – Robertsonian; inversions, duplications, ring chromosomes). Mosaicism. Epigenetics and multifactorial inheritance: Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone acetylation, imprinting – Prader-Willi, Angelman syndromes). Multifactorial disorders (cleft lip/palate, congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, diabetes, hypertension – gene-environment interactions). Pharmacogenetics (CYP450 variants affecting drug metabolism – codeine, warfarin, clopidogrel). Each question includes a detailed rationale explaining the pathophysiologic mechanism, clinical correlation, and correct answer reasoning – ensuring you understand the "why" behind every correct choice. With fully verified Q&A plus rationales and our Pass Guarantee, this is the definitive tool to ace your Week 2 Quiz on the first attempt. Get instant access now and start studying today.