NAFA HAZMAT- CHAPTER 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) - ANS any substance or material that poses an
unreasonable risk to health, safety, property, and/or the environment if it is not properly
controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use, disposal, or
transportation.
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) - ANS any weapon or devise that is intended or has the
capability to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the
release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors, a disease
organism, or radiation or radioactivity.
WMD may include... - ANS chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosives (CBRNE)
weapons.
A hazmat incident is... - ANS an emergency involving a substance that poses an unreasonable
risk to people, the environment, and/or property.
Possible Causes of Hazmat Incidents - ANS human error, transportation accidents, mechanical
breakdowns/malfunctions, container failures, and deliberate acts (criminal, etc.)
Most common hazmat incidents involve... - ANS flammable gases, flammable and
combustible liquids, corrosives (acids & bases), anhydrous ammonia, and chlorine.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, To safely mitigate hazmat incidents, you must... - ANS understand the variety of hazardous
materials you may encounter, the potential health effects of the materials, and the physical
hazards associated with them.
7 Mechanisms of Harm - ANS - thermal
- radiological
- asphyxiating (simple & chemical)
- chemical
- etiological/biological
- mechanical
- psychological
Thermal (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - Exposure to extremes in temp.
- Heat from fires or chemical reactions
- Extreme cold from liquified gases and cryogenic liquids
Radiological (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - exposure to materials which spontaneously emit
ionizing radiation.
Asphyxiating (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - Simple - oxygen deficient atmosphere; can be caused
by displacement of ambient oxygen.
- Chemical - many toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide, that cause pathological changes
within the body by preventing the proper use of oxygen.
Chemical (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - Neg. effects from exposure to chemicals or toxic materials
include: poisoning from pesticides and biological toxins, respiratory system injury from
inhalation hazards, and corrosive damage from contact with acids and alkaline materials.
Etiological/Biological (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - injury or harm caused by human pathogens
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) - ANS any substance or material that poses an
unreasonable risk to health, safety, property, and/or the environment if it is not properly
controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use, disposal, or
transportation.
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) - ANS any weapon or devise that is intended or has the
capability to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the
release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors, a disease
organism, or radiation or radioactivity.
WMD may include... - ANS chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosives (CBRNE)
weapons.
A hazmat incident is... - ANS an emergency involving a substance that poses an unreasonable
risk to people, the environment, and/or property.
Possible Causes of Hazmat Incidents - ANS human error, transportation accidents, mechanical
breakdowns/malfunctions, container failures, and deliberate acts (criminal, etc.)
Most common hazmat incidents involve... - ANS flammable gases, flammable and
combustible liquids, corrosives (acids & bases), anhydrous ammonia, and chlorine.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, To safely mitigate hazmat incidents, you must... - ANS understand the variety of hazardous
materials you may encounter, the potential health effects of the materials, and the physical
hazards associated with them.
7 Mechanisms of Harm - ANS - thermal
- radiological
- asphyxiating (simple & chemical)
- chemical
- etiological/biological
- mechanical
- psychological
Thermal (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - Exposure to extremes in temp.
- Heat from fires or chemical reactions
- Extreme cold from liquified gases and cryogenic liquids
Radiological (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - exposure to materials which spontaneously emit
ionizing radiation.
Asphyxiating (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - Simple - oxygen deficient atmosphere; can be caused
by displacement of ambient oxygen.
- Chemical - many toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide, that cause pathological changes
within the body by preventing the proper use of oxygen.
Chemical (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - Neg. effects from exposure to chemicals or toxic materials
include: poisoning from pesticides and biological toxins, respiratory system injury from
inhalation hazards, and corrosive damage from contact with acids and alkaline materials.
Etiological/Biological (Mech. of Harm) - ANS - injury or harm caused by human pathogens
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
