CS 1 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ accessory motion.
Answer: what are indications for thoracic spine PAIVMs
◍ What is the superficial abdominal reflex test? What is a negative?.
Answer: stroke skin lightly towards umbilicus, there should be deviation of
skin towards the stroked area
◍ pt in supine, extend the lower C-spine and neutral upper C spine, side bend
to the opposite side and rotate head to look at the ceiling.
Answer: how do we test the length of the anterior-middle scalenes
◍ What is the significance of the study on exercise and manipulative therapy
for cervicogenic headaches?.
Answer: All treatment groups showed improvement compared to control.
◍ What are common symptoms of myofascial temporomandibular disorders
(TMD)?.
Answer: Pain and pressure sensitivity in the muscles of mastication.
◍ Spurling test.
Answer: Positive:Pain or reproduction of symptoms radiating down the
patients arm
◍ What is the role of the median nerve in neurodynamic testing?.
Answer: To assess for symptoms related to median nerve entrapment.
◍ axis: central aspect fo headproximal: perpendicular to the acromion distal:
tip of nose.
Answer: when measuring cervical rotaion with a goniometer, where is the
, axis, proximal arm, and distal arm
◍ What is the role of soft tissue techniques in headache management?.
Answer: To reduce headache intensity in combination with exercise.
◍ What are the indications for using cervical traction in treatment?.
Answer: Non-traumatic neck and unilateral arm pain, symptoms present for
at least 4 weeks, and positive tests indicating nerve involvement.
◍ An AP atlas and axis projection with poor positioning demonstrates the
upper incisors about 1 in (2.5 cm) inferior to the posterior occiput, obscuring
the dens and the atlantoaxial joint. How was the positioning setup
mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?1. The patient's face was
rotated toward the left side2. The acanthiomeatal line was perpendicular to
the IR, and the central ray was perpendicular.3. The patient's chin was
tucked more than needed4. An imaginary line connecting the occlusal plane
and posterior occiput's inferior edge was not aligned perpendicular to the
imaging table.
Answer: 2, 3, & 4
◍ What movement frontal plane orientation of throacic spine facets allow for?.
Answer: rotation, sidebending
◍ How long should the stretch be held during seated thoracic extension?.
Answer: 15-20 seconds as tolerated.
◍ A lateral thoracic projection with poor positioning demonstrates more than
0.5 in (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs. How should the patients be
positioned for an optimal projection to be obtained?1. rotate the patient's
elevated side anteriorly 2. position the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the
imaging table3. center the central ray and IR superiorly4. Align the
shoulders, posterior ribs, and posterior wings perpendicular to the imaging
table.
Answer: 1 & 4
◍ Where does C5-6 facets refer?.
Answer: upper trap, upper thoracic
,◍ What are some possible exercises to increase thoracic flexion?.
Answer: Ball or barrel hug and angry cat.
◍ Mild vs moderate vs severe scoliosis angle.
Answer: mild: 10-20moderate: 20-40severe: >40
◍ What are the late presentations of upper cervical instability?.
Answer: Bilateral foot and hand dysesthesia, metallic taste in mouth, arm
and leg weakness.
◍ neck pain >12 weeksabnormal CCFT and DNF testcoordination, strength,
endurance, and flexibility deficitsergonomic inefficiencies.
Answer: what are examination findings for neck pain with movement
coordination impairments
◍ What is the purpose of craniocervical shoulder girdle oscillation exercises?.
Answer: To provide immediate clinically relevant benefits without harmful
effects for patients with nerve-related neck and arm pain.
◍ What does the craniocervical flexion test assess?.
Answer: It assesses the activation and endurance of deep neck flexor
muscles.
◍ What is the primary goal of deep neck flexor training?.
Answer: To improve strength and endurance of the neck flexors.
◍ What does the deep neck extensor endurance test assess?.
Answer: It assesses the endurance of deep neck extensor muscles.
◍ What is the significance of the cervical manipulation predictors?.
Answer: They help determine the effectiveness of cervical spine thrust
manipulation for neck pain.
◍ What is the significance of the cervical rotation SNAG technique?.
Answer: Used for managing cervicogenic headaches by applying pressure to
the cervical spine.
◍ The upper incisors are superimposed over the dens and the posterior
, occiput's inferior edge is demonstrated about 1 in superior to the dens on an
AP atlas and axis projection. How could the positioning setup be adjusted
for an optimal projection to be obtained?1. align the acanthiomeatal line
perpendicular to the IR2. Elevate the patient's chin 0.5 in (2 cm)3. Adjust
the central ray 5 degrees caudally4. Move the central ray and IR 1 in (2.5
cm) superiorly.
Answer: 1 & 2 only
◍ How is the directionality of scoliosis named? What is this angle called?.
Answer: nambed by the convexity (Cobb angle determines severity)(in pic
Right thoracic scoliosis)
◍ What should be checked if a patient has radicular symptoms?.
Answer: Check DMR (Dermatome, Myotome, Reflex).
◍ What type of pain is associated with cervicogenic headaches?.
Answer: Throbbing pain.
◍ T1 dermatome.
Answer: medial epicondyle (elbow)
◍ For an AP atlas and axis projection,1. The mandibular angles and the
shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR2. The
acanthiomeatal line is aligned parallel with the IR3. a 5-degree cephalad
angulation is used4. an imaginary line connecting the upper occlual plane
and posterior occiput's inferior edge is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
Answer: 1, 3, & 4
◍ when the skin folds on the anterior side of the neck begin to separate.
Answer: when does the neck flexor endurance test end
◍ it closes.
Answer: what happens to the intervertebral foramen with cervical extension
◍ nauseanumbnessnystagmus (uncontrolled eye movment).
Answer: what are the 3 Ns
◍ What adjustments can be made during thoracic manipulation?.
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ accessory motion.
Answer: what are indications for thoracic spine PAIVMs
◍ What is the superficial abdominal reflex test? What is a negative?.
Answer: stroke skin lightly towards umbilicus, there should be deviation of
skin towards the stroked area
◍ pt in supine, extend the lower C-spine and neutral upper C spine, side bend
to the opposite side and rotate head to look at the ceiling.
Answer: how do we test the length of the anterior-middle scalenes
◍ What is the significance of the study on exercise and manipulative therapy
for cervicogenic headaches?.
Answer: All treatment groups showed improvement compared to control.
◍ What are common symptoms of myofascial temporomandibular disorders
(TMD)?.
Answer: Pain and pressure sensitivity in the muscles of mastication.
◍ Spurling test.
Answer: Positive:Pain or reproduction of symptoms radiating down the
patients arm
◍ What is the role of the median nerve in neurodynamic testing?.
Answer: To assess for symptoms related to median nerve entrapment.
◍ axis: central aspect fo headproximal: perpendicular to the acromion distal:
tip of nose.
Answer: when measuring cervical rotaion with a goniometer, where is the
, axis, proximal arm, and distal arm
◍ What is the role of soft tissue techniques in headache management?.
Answer: To reduce headache intensity in combination with exercise.
◍ What are the indications for using cervical traction in treatment?.
Answer: Non-traumatic neck and unilateral arm pain, symptoms present for
at least 4 weeks, and positive tests indicating nerve involvement.
◍ An AP atlas and axis projection with poor positioning demonstrates the
upper incisors about 1 in (2.5 cm) inferior to the posterior occiput, obscuring
the dens and the atlantoaxial joint. How was the positioning setup
mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?1. The patient's face was
rotated toward the left side2. The acanthiomeatal line was perpendicular to
the IR, and the central ray was perpendicular.3. The patient's chin was
tucked more than needed4. An imaginary line connecting the occlusal plane
and posterior occiput's inferior edge was not aligned perpendicular to the
imaging table.
Answer: 2, 3, & 4
◍ What movement frontal plane orientation of throacic spine facets allow for?.
Answer: rotation, sidebending
◍ How long should the stretch be held during seated thoracic extension?.
Answer: 15-20 seconds as tolerated.
◍ A lateral thoracic projection with poor positioning demonstrates more than
0.5 in (1 cm) of space between the posterior ribs. How should the patients be
positioned for an optimal projection to be obtained?1. rotate the patient's
elevated side anteriorly 2. position the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the
imaging table3. center the central ray and IR superiorly4. Align the
shoulders, posterior ribs, and posterior wings perpendicular to the imaging
table.
Answer: 1 & 4
◍ Where does C5-6 facets refer?.
Answer: upper trap, upper thoracic
,◍ What are some possible exercises to increase thoracic flexion?.
Answer: Ball or barrel hug and angry cat.
◍ Mild vs moderate vs severe scoliosis angle.
Answer: mild: 10-20moderate: 20-40severe: >40
◍ What are the late presentations of upper cervical instability?.
Answer: Bilateral foot and hand dysesthesia, metallic taste in mouth, arm
and leg weakness.
◍ neck pain >12 weeksabnormal CCFT and DNF testcoordination, strength,
endurance, and flexibility deficitsergonomic inefficiencies.
Answer: what are examination findings for neck pain with movement
coordination impairments
◍ What is the purpose of craniocervical shoulder girdle oscillation exercises?.
Answer: To provide immediate clinically relevant benefits without harmful
effects for patients with nerve-related neck and arm pain.
◍ What does the craniocervical flexion test assess?.
Answer: It assesses the activation and endurance of deep neck flexor
muscles.
◍ What is the primary goal of deep neck flexor training?.
Answer: To improve strength and endurance of the neck flexors.
◍ What does the deep neck extensor endurance test assess?.
Answer: It assesses the endurance of deep neck extensor muscles.
◍ What is the significance of the cervical manipulation predictors?.
Answer: They help determine the effectiveness of cervical spine thrust
manipulation for neck pain.
◍ What is the significance of the cervical rotation SNAG technique?.
Answer: Used for managing cervicogenic headaches by applying pressure to
the cervical spine.
◍ The upper incisors are superimposed over the dens and the posterior
, occiput's inferior edge is demonstrated about 1 in superior to the dens on an
AP atlas and axis projection. How could the positioning setup be adjusted
for an optimal projection to be obtained?1. align the acanthiomeatal line
perpendicular to the IR2. Elevate the patient's chin 0.5 in (2 cm)3. Adjust
the central ray 5 degrees caudally4. Move the central ray and IR 1 in (2.5
cm) superiorly.
Answer: 1 & 2 only
◍ How is the directionality of scoliosis named? What is this angle called?.
Answer: nambed by the convexity (Cobb angle determines severity)(in pic
Right thoracic scoliosis)
◍ What should be checked if a patient has radicular symptoms?.
Answer: Check DMR (Dermatome, Myotome, Reflex).
◍ What type of pain is associated with cervicogenic headaches?.
Answer: Throbbing pain.
◍ T1 dermatome.
Answer: medial epicondyle (elbow)
◍ For an AP atlas and axis projection,1. The mandibular angles and the
shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR2. The
acanthiomeatal line is aligned parallel with the IR3. a 5-degree cephalad
angulation is used4. an imaginary line connecting the upper occlual plane
and posterior occiput's inferior edge is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
Answer: 1, 3, & 4
◍ when the skin folds on the anterior side of the neck begin to separate.
Answer: when does the neck flexor endurance test end
◍ it closes.
Answer: what happens to the intervertebral foramen with cervical extension
◍ nauseanumbnessnystagmus (uncontrolled eye movment).
Answer: what are the 3 Ns
◍ What adjustments can be made during thoracic manipulation?.
