EDHD320 Exam 2 Questions With
Complete Solutions
What is a theory
a framework for organizing a set of observations or facts into an explanation for how
something works
What is Behaviorism?
only interested in studying observable behavior and believe that only the environment
shapes behaviors
What is classical conditioning?
Learning by associating events that repeatedly occur together, leading to anticipation of
those events.
Who is associated with classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Is classical conditioning conscious or unconscious?
Unconscious
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a reflexive response.
What is an unconditioned response (UCR)?
An unlearned, automatic reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
What is a neutral stimulus (NS)?
A stimulus that does not naturally trigger a response before conditioning
When is a neutral stimulus presented in classical conditioning?
Immediately before the unconditioned stimulus.
, What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
A previously neutral stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with a UCS
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
A learned response to the conditioned stimulus.
What is aquisition?
initial period of learning
What is extinction?
decrease in conditional response whent eh US is no longer presented with CS
Who is associated with operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
What is operant conditioning?
Learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened based on consequences
(rewards or punishments).
What is positive reinforcement?
Adding a reward to increase a behavior.
Example of positive reinforcement
Giving ice cream to your sister for doing dishes to encourage her to do it again.
What is negative reinforcement?
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior.
Example of negative reinforcement
Buckling your seatbelt to stop the annoying car sound, increasing seatbelt use.
What is positive punishment?
Adding a consequence to decrease a behavior.
Complete Solutions
What is a theory
a framework for organizing a set of observations or facts into an explanation for how
something works
What is Behaviorism?
only interested in studying observable behavior and believe that only the environment
shapes behaviors
What is classical conditioning?
Learning by associating events that repeatedly occur together, leading to anticipation of
those events.
Who is associated with classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
Is classical conditioning conscious or unconscious?
Unconscious
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a reflexive response.
What is an unconditioned response (UCR)?
An unlearned, automatic reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
What is a neutral stimulus (NS)?
A stimulus that does not naturally trigger a response before conditioning
When is a neutral stimulus presented in classical conditioning?
Immediately before the unconditioned stimulus.
, What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
A previously neutral stimulus that triggers a response after being paired with a UCS
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
A learned response to the conditioned stimulus.
What is aquisition?
initial period of learning
What is extinction?
decrease in conditional response whent eh US is no longer presented with CS
Who is associated with operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
What is operant conditioning?
Learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened based on consequences
(rewards or punishments).
What is positive reinforcement?
Adding a reward to increase a behavior.
Example of positive reinforcement
Giving ice cream to your sister for doing dishes to encourage her to do it again.
What is negative reinforcement?
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior.
Example of negative reinforcement
Buckling your seatbelt to stop the annoying car sound, increasing seatbelt use.
What is positive punishment?
Adding a consequence to decrease a behavior.
