NUR 121 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
*Neurovascular Assessment* - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*6 p's (pain, pallor,
| | | | | | | |
paresthesia, pulselessness, pressure, paralysis)
| | |
Peripheral vascular: |
-Color/temperature -Pulses |
-Capillary refill -Edema| |
Peripheral neurologic: |
-Sensation and motor function -Pain
| | | |
Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-protection from disease or illness maintained
| | | | | | | | |
by the physiological defense mechanisms
| | | | |
Ex: skin, WBC, mucus membranes
| | | |
Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a localized response to an injury, allergy, or
| | | | | | | | | |
|pathogen; first line of protection, providing immediate protection; causes visible
| | | | | | | | | |
symptoms and tissue damage if excessive; *does not always mean infection is
| | | | | | | | | | | |
present
What two components are critical in maintaining health and preventing disease? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-immunity and inflammation
| | | |
,Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-on the surface of most
| | | | | | | | | | |
somatic cells; determines the tissue type of a person; "lock and key" recognition
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and self-tolerance
|
Parts of the Immune System - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-WBCs, Stem cells, other
| | | | | | | | | | |
body systems (nervous/endocrine/GI)
| |
Factors that Effect Immunity in Older Adults - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Nutrition,
| | | | | | | | | |
Meds, pre-existing conditions
| |
*immunity is ↓ | |
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-response to tissue injury; usually triggers
| | | | | | | | |
inflammation but not all the time | | | | |
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bacteria fighters; phagocytosis
| | | | |
Macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-phagocytosis; stimulate long lasting
| | | | | | |
immunity
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-act of blood vessels; excrete
| | | | | | |
heparin/histamine/serotonin
|
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-fight against parasites
| | | | |
5 Steps of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Warmth
| | | | | | |
,2. Redness
|
3. Swelling
|
4. Pain
|
5. ↓ func.
| |
Stages of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Vascular (constriction then
| | | | | | | | |
hyperemia/edema)
2. Cellular Exudate from neutrophils
| | | |
3. Tissue Repair from WBCS thru angiogenesis
| | | | | |
Acquire Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-second line of immunity; specific and
| | | | | | | | | |
long-term resistance to microorganisms
| | |
Agglutination - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-↑ action of macrophages and neutrophils
| | | | | | | |
Active Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-when antigen enters body and makes
| | | | | | | | | |
specific antibodies against the antigen
| | | |
Natural Active Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*most effective and long lasting
| | | | | | | | |
Artificial Active Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-vaccines/immunizations to
| | | | | | |
prevent fatal illnesses
| |
Passive Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-short-term; antibodies transferred
| | | | | | |
from another human/animal after its made in their body
| | | | | | | |
, Natural Passive Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mom to baby; acquired
| | | | | | | | |
through placenta/breastfeeding
|
Artificial Passive Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-given to prevent
| | | | | | |
rabies/tetanus/COVID
|
Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-involves WBCs; watches
| | | | | | | |
to attack any foreign cells; able to differentiate self v. nonself; prevents
| | | | | | | | | | | |
development of cancer after exposure to carcinogens; total immunocompetence-
| | | | | | | |
CMI must function optimally
| | |
Hyperacute Transplant Rejection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-immediate; widespread
| | | | | |
phagocytosis and lost of clotting; need to remove it and use a different transplant
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acute Transplant Rejection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-weeks-months; (ex: back pain
| | | | | | | |
from kidney transplant);
| | | |
CI: chronic inflammatory diseases/unable to follow med regimen
| | | | | | |
Antirejection Medications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Maintenance therapy:
| | | | | |
Prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine --> immunosuppressants
| | | |
Rescue therapy: (acute) monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies
| | | |
Chronic Transplant Rejection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-chronic inflammation and
| | | | | | | |
scarring of transplant with some function
| | | | |
Answers
*Neurovascular Assessment* - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*6 p's (pain, pallor,
| | | | | | | |
paresthesia, pulselessness, pressure, paralysis)
| | |
Peripheral vascular: |
-Color/temperature -Pulses |
-Capillary refill -Edema| |
Peripheral neurologic: |
-Sensation and motor function -Pain
| | | |
Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-protection from disease or illness maintained
| | | | | | | | |
by the physiological defense mechanisms
| | | | |
Ex: skin, WBC, mucus membranes
| | | |
Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a localized response to an injury, allergy, or
| | | | | | | | | |
|pathogen; first line of protection, providing immediate protection; causes visible
| | | | | | | | | |
symptoms and tissue damage if excessive; *does not always mean infection is
| | | | | | | | | | | |
present
What two components are critical in maintaining health and preventing disease? -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-immunity and inflammation
| | | |
,Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-on the surface of most
| | | | | | | | | | |
somatic cells; determines the tissue type of a person; "lock and key" recognition
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and self-tolerance
|
Parts of the Immune System - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-WBCs, Stem cells, other
| | | | | | | | | | |
body systems (nervous/endocrine/GI)
| |
Factors that Effect Immunity in Older Adults - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Nutrition,
| | | | | | | | | |
Meds, pre-existing conditions
| |
*immunity is ↓ | |
Infection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-response to tissue injury; usually triggers
| | | | | | | | |
inflammation but not all the time | | | | |
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bacteria fighters; phagocytosis
| | | | |
Macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-phagocytosis; stimulate long lasting
| | | | | | |
immunity
Basophils - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-act of blood vessels; excrete
| | | | | | |
heparin/histamine/serotonin
|
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-fight against parasites
| | | | |
5 Steps of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Warmth
| | | | | | |
,2. Redness
|
3. Swelling
|
4. Pain
|
5. ↓ func.
| |
Stages of Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1. Vascular (constriction then
| | | | | | | | |
hyperemia/edema)
2. Cellular Exudate from neutrophils
| | | |
3. Tissue Repair from WBCS thru angiogenesis
| | | | | |
Acquire Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-second line of immunity; specific and
| | | | | | | | | |
long-term resistance to microorganisms
| | |
Agglutination - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-↑ action of macrophages and neutrophils
| | | | | | | |
Active Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-when antigen enters body and makes
| | | | | | | | | |
specific antibodies against the antigen
| | | |
Natural Active Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-*most effective and long lasting
| | | | | | | | |
Artificial Active Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-vaccines/immunizations to
| | | | | | |
prevent fatal illnesses
| |
Passive Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-short-term; antibodies transferred
| | | | | | |
from another human/animal after its made in their body
| | | | | | | |
, Natural Passive Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mom to baby; acquired
| | | | | | | | |
through placenta/breastfeeding
|
Artificial Passive Immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-given to prevent
| | | | | | |
rabies/tetanus/COVID
|
Cell-Mediated Immunity (CMI) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-involves WBCs; watches
| | | | | | | |
to attack any foreign cells; able to differentiate self v. nonself; prevents
| | | | | | | | | | | |
development of cancer after exposure to carcinogens; total immunocompetence-
| | | | | | | |
CMI must function optimally
| | |
Hyperacute Transplant Rejection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-immediate; widespread
| | | | | |
phagocytosis and lost of clotting; need to remove it and use a different transplant
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acute Transplant Rejection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-weeks-months; (ex: back pain
| | | | | | | |
from kidney transplant);
| | | |
CI: chronic inflammatory diseases/unable to follow med regimen
| | | | | | |
Antirejection Medications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Maintenance therapy:
| | | | | |
Prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine --> immunosuppressants
| | | |
Rescue therapy: (acute) monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies
| | | |
Chronic Transplant Rejection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-chronic inflammation and
| | | | | | | |
scarring of transplant with some function
| | | | |
