D522 Objective Assessment (New 2026/ 2027 Update) Python for IT Automation | Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers)

1 D522 Objective Assessment (New 2026/ 2027 Update) Python for IT Automation | Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers) Q. What are the traits of Imperative/procedural programming? ANSWER Focuses on describing a sequence of steps to perform a task Q. What are the traits of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)? ANSWER Organize code around objects, which encapsulate data and behavior. Q. What are the traits of Functional Programming? ANSWER emphasizes the use of functions and immutable data for computation. Q. What are the traits of Declarative Programming? ANSWER describes what the program should accomplish without specifying how to achieve it. Q. What are the traits of Event-Driven Programming? ANSWER Reacts to events and user actions, triggering corresponding functions. Q. What are the traits of Logic Programming? ANSWER defines a set of logical conditions and lets the system deduce solutions. 2 Q. What does Python syntax refer to? ANSWER The set of rules that dictate the combinations of symbols and keywords that form valid Python programs Q. What is the purpose of indentation in Python? ANSWER To define blocks of code Q. Why might a programmer use comments for 'Preventing Execution'? ANSWER To temporarily disable lines or blocks of code Q. What is the primary use of whitespace in Python? ANSWER To define the structure and hierarchy of the code Q. What does Python use to define the scope of control flow statements and structures like functions and classes? ANSWER Indentation Q. What is the purpose of the input() function in Python? ANSWER To capture user input and store it as a string Q. What does the format() method do in Python? ANSWER It enhances output formatting by embedding variables in strings. (although 'f' strings are easier to read) 3 Q. What is the purpose of the Code Editor in a Python IDE? ANSWER To provide a text editor designed for Python, offering features like syntax highlighting, code completion, and indentation. Q. What does this built in Python function do?: print() ANSWER outputs text or variables to the console Q. What does this built in Python function do?: input() ANSWER reads user input from the console Q. What does this built in Python function do?: len() ANSWER determines the length of a sequence (string, list, tuple) Q. What does this built in Python function do?: type() ANSWER returns the type of an object Q. What does this built in Python function do?: int(), float(), str() ANSWER converts values to integers, floats, or strings; respectively Q. What does this built in Python function do?: max(), min() ANSWER returns the maximum or minimum value from a sequence 4 Q. What does this built in Python function do?: sum() ANSWER calculates the sum of elements in a sequence Q. What does this built in Python function do?: abs() ANSWER returns the absolute value of a number Q. What does this built in Python function do?: range() ANSWER generates a sequence of numbers Q. What does this built in Python function do?: sorted() ANSWER returns a sorted list from an iterable Q. What does this built in Python function do?: any(), all() ANSWER checks if any or all elements in an iterable are true Q. What does this built in Python function do?: map(), filter() ANSWER applies a function to elements or filters elements based on a function Q. What does this built in Python function do?: open(), read(), write() ANSWER handles file I/O operations 5 Q. What does this built in Python function do?: dir() ANSWER lists the names in the current scope or attributes of an object Q. What does this built in Python function do?: help() ANSWER provides help information about an object or Python Q. What is the primary characteristic of Python variables? ANSWER Variables are created as soon as a value is assigned to them. Q. What are the 5 Variable name rules in Python? ANSWER 1. can only contain letters, numbers, or an underscore. 2. MUST start with either a letter or underscore 3. Cannot start with a number 4. Cannot contain special characters. 5. Cannot be a Python keyword (such as: and, as, def, else, etc) Q. What are the 3 common naming conventions used in Python, and what is their format? ANSWER Camel case: each word, except for the first word, starts with a capital letter Pascal case: each word starts with a capital letter Snake case: each word in the variable is separated by an underscore. Q. What happens if the number of variables is not equal to the number of values in a Python assignment statement? ANSWER An error will occur 6 Q. What does unpacking involve in Python? ANSWER Extracting elements from iterable objects and assigning them to individual variables Q. What is the result of using the '+' operator to output multiple Python variables of different types? ANSWER A Python error occurs. (must use variables of the same type) Q. How can multiple Python variables of different types be output using the print() function? ANSWER By separating each variable with a comma Q. What is the scope of a variable that is defined inside a function in Python? ANSWER Local Scope Q. How can a global variable be created inside a function in Python? ANSWER By declaring the variable with the 'global' keyword Q. What is a characteristic of Python as a dynamically-typed language? ANSWER The interpreter determines the type of variable during runtime Q. Which Python data type represents an ordered, mutable sequence? ANSWER 'list' 7 Q. What are the 3 sequence types in Python? what do they represent/look like? ANSWER list: Ordered, mutable sequence; [1,23] tuple: Ordered, immutable sequence; (1,2,3) range: represents a range of values; e.g. range(5) Q. What are the characteristics of a set? ANSWER Unordered, mutable collection of unique elements. {1,2,3} Q. what is a dictionary mapping type? ANSWER an unordered collection of key-value pairs. my_dict = {'key':'value', 'name':'John'} Q. What happens when an operation is performed that involves both an int and a float in Python? ANSWER the result is automatically promoted to a 'float' Q. What does the 'round(x, n) function do in Python? ANSWER it rounds 'x' to 'n' decimal places Q. What are the two main escape characters? ANSWER n : new line t : for a tab 8 What are the 3 components of a string slice? string [start:stop:step] · Start: the index from which the slicing begins (inclusive) · Stop: the index at which the slicing ends (exclusive) · Step (optional): The step or stride between characters. What does the string slicing operation 'text {::-1] do where text = "Hello, Python!"? It reverses the string. The 'step' portion of the slice is negative, indicating the stride between characters is reversed. What does the 'strip()' method do in Python? It removes leading and trailing whitespaces from a string what does the += operator do in Python string manipulation? It is used as a shorthand for concatenation and assignment What are truthy and falsy values in Python? Truthy values are non-zero numbers and non-empty strings. Falsy values are zero, None, and empty strings What is the purpose of the // operator in Python? It performs floor division operation; performs division and rounds down to the nearest whole number and discards the decimal part What is the purpose of the modulus operation '%' in Python? It returns the remainder of the division of two numbers. What does the arithmatic operator **= do? It take the exponent of the value applied to it. Consider the following Python code: colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'] t(1, 'yellow') What will be the value of colors after executing this code? ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green'] when using the .insert(), it doesn't replace the value in that position, it inserts into that place. When would I use extend() vs append()? 9 extend() is used for adding multiple values from an iterable append() is used for adding a single element to the end (even if it's a list) my_list = [1, 2, 3] my_d([4, 5]) # Appending a list as a single element print(my_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]] What does the pop() method do? It removes an item at the specified index position. example: devices = ['router1', 'switch2', 'firewall3'] removed_device = (1) This removes 'switch2' from devices since it is in index 1 position, and now it added to "removed_device. What is a 'shallow copy' of a list in Python? A copy of the list where changes to the copied list do not affect the original list. What is the difference between using the '+' operator and the 'extend()' method to concatenate lists in Python? The '+' operator creates a new list, while the 'extend()' method adds elements to the end of the original list. What is a significant advantage of using tuples in Python for storing information about network devices? tuples can be used as keys in dictionaries due to their immutability. How are items in a tuple accessed? By placing the index of the item inside square brackets [] after the tuple name print(10 9) print(10 == 9) print (10 9) Boolean print(bool("Hello")) print(bool("15")) print(bool(x)) Boolean examples of True print(bool(False)) print( ) print(0) Boolean examples of False 10 print(isinstance(x, int)) determine if an object is of a certain data type int( ) casts an integer from an integer literal, float literal, or string literal float( ) casts a float from an integer literal, a float literal, or a string literal str( ) casts a string from strings, integer literals, or a float literals print("text") outputs text to the console print("text", end=" ") print("more text") will end with a space and continue on the same line ("text more text") print("Wage", wage) comma will print both items with a space between them print(variable) prints the value of the variable print("1n2n3") print using newline characters print( ) print a blank line python run a script file random function there is no random function, but there is a random module (import random) for x in "bananas": 11 print(x) strings are arrays, so this will loop through the characters in "bananas" variable=input( ) assign text entered by the user to a variable; input is always a string variable = int(input) convert user input into an integer hourly_wage = int(input("Enter hourly wage: ")) display text prompt (Enter hourly wage) to request input from user and convert to integer print(( )) display a in console in upper case print(( )) display a in console as lower case print(( )) remove whitespace at beginning and end print(ce("H", "J")) replace a string with another string print(("b")) split string at specified character c=a+b print(c) concatenate (combine) two strings a=(f"My name is John, I am {age}") print(a) f-string; { } is the placeholder/modifier a = 85.8756 b = format(a, ".2f") print(b) modifier to format the value to 2 decimal places (85.88) 12 price = 85. b = f"Price: ${price:.2f}" print(b) f-string with placeholder for price and modifier to format value to 2 decimal places (Price: $85.88) What built-in data type is used when you assign text to your variable? str x = "Hello, World!" x = str("Hello, World!") What built-in data type is used when you assign a numeric value to your variable? int x = 20 x = int(20) float x = 20.5 x = float(20.5) complex x = 1j x = complex(1j) What built-in data type is used when you assign a sequence to your variable? list x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] x = list(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) tuple x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry") x = tuple(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) range x = range(6) What is the difference between a list and a tuple? list = collection of values tuple = ordered and unchangeable What built-in data type is used when you assign a mapping to your variable? dict x = {"name" : "John", "age" : 36} x = dict(name="John", age=36) 13 What built-in data type is used when you assign a set to your variable? set x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"} x = set(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) frozenset x = frozenset({"apple", "banana", "cherry"}) x = frozenset(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) What built-in data type is used when you assign a boolean to your variable? bool x = True x = bool(5) What built-in data type is used when you assign binary to your variable? bytes x = b"Hello" x = bytes(5) bytearray x = bytearray(5) memoryview x = memoryview(bytes(5)) What built-in data type is used when you assign the value none to your variable? nonetype x = none What is Syntax Error? contains invalid code that cannot be understood What is Indentation Error? lines of the program are not properly indented What is a Value Error? invalid value is used (e.g., int(three)) What is a Name Error? program tries to use a variable that does not exist What is a Type Error? operation uses incorrect types (e.g. int(5) + string(four)) 14 How do you check which version of Python editor you have? import sys print(on) How do you edit, save, and run a Python file? edit = can edit in a text editor save = save as run = in command prompt, type Can you run Python in the Command Line? type python or py you will see Python version information and when you are finished, type exit( ) What is unique about Python script formatting? relies on indentation (whitespace) to define scope instead of curly brackets Which Python datatypes are used to store arrays? list, tuple, set, and dictionary Which Python datatypes allow arrays with duplicates? list and tuple Which Python datatypes are for ordered arrays? list, tuple, dictionary Which Python datatypes are unchangeable? tuple and set What kind of variable would x = [ ] result in? list How do you determine how many items are in a list? print(len(yourlist)) What are some characteristics of a list? ordered; changeable; allows duplicate values; new values added to the end of the list; indexed (first value if 0, second value is 1, etc.); values can be any datatype (and a mix of datatypes) 15 What are some characteristics of a tuple? ordered; unchangeable; allows duplicate values What are some characteristics of a set? unordered; unchangeable (you can add or remove items, but you cannot change an item); unindexed What are some characteristics of a dictationary? ordered; changeable; no duplicates How do you verify the type of an object? print(type(myobject)) What is an integer? positive or negative whole number of unlimited length What is a float? positive or negative number with a decimal; can also be a scientific number with an e What is a complex number? a number with an imaginary part represented by a j Can you convert a complex number into another number type? no Can you convert a number into a complex number? yes a = complex(x) Can you generate random numbers in Python? no random function, but there is a random module import random print(ange(1,10)) What are the arithmetic operators in Python? + - * / % modulus (remainder) ** exponentiation 16 // floor division (round down to nearest whole number) What is an assignment operator? used to assign values to variables if x = 5 what is x += 3 8 if x = 5 what is x -= 2 3 if x = 5 what is x *= 3 15 if x = 5 what is x /= 3 1.6666 if x = 5 what is x %= 3 2 if x = 5 what is x //= 3 1, which is assigned back to x if x = 5 what is x **= 3 125, which is assigned back to x What does == mean? equal to What does != mean? not equal to What are the comparison operators? 17 == != = = What are the logical operators? and, or, not What are the identity operators? is, is not What are the membership operators? in, not in What are the assignment operators? = += -= *= /= %= //= **= What are the bitwise operators? & | ^ ~ print(6 & 3) bitwise operator AND compare bits and set both bits to 1 if both bits are 1 6 () 3 () 2 () print(6 | 3) bitwise operator OR 18 compare bits and set each bit to 1 if at least one bit is 1 6 () 3 () 7 () print(6 ^ 3) bitwise operator XOR compare bits and set each bit to 1 if only one bit is 1 6 () 3 () 5 () print(~ 3) bitwise operator NOT inverts all the bits 3 () -4 () print(3 2) bitwise operator zero fill left shift shifts left by pushing zeros from the right and letting leftmost bits fall off 3 () 12 () print(8 2) bitwise operator signed right shift shifts right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left and letting the rightmost bits fall off 8 () 2 () What is operator precedence? parentheses exponentiation ** unary - (the negative value of the operand) multiplication, division, modulus % addition and subtraction left-to-right 19 What is an f-string? allows you to format selected parts of a string; replaced format( ); specified by putting f in front of the string literal e.g. txt = f"The price is 49 dollars" How do you denote a placeholder in an f-string? { } e.g., txt = f"The price is {price} dollars" Can you perform an operation in an f-string? yes, you can perform an operation on numbers or variables; you can also place if...else statements in an f-string Can you execute functions in an f-string? yes, either built-in or custom How can you define your own function? Use def FunctionName(Variable) actions def greet(name): print(f"Hello, {name}!") to execute: greet("Alice") How do you denote a modifier in an f-string placeholder? in placeholder, after name of variable or value, use a : followed by formatting type e.g., txt = f"The price is {95:.2f} dollars" What is the old method of formatting a string? format( ) What modifiers are used to align the result within the available space? : left : right :^ center What modifiers are used to set thousand separators? :, comma :_ underscore Which modifiers are used to show a value's positive or negative sign? 20 := shows negative sign in the left most position :+ shows sign for positive and negative numbers :- shows sign for negative number only :(space) shows sign for negative and an extra space for a positive number What is the modifier to show the value in binary format? :b What is the modifier to show the value in the corresponding Unicode character? :c What is the modifier to show the value in decimal format? :d What is the modifier to show the value in scientific format? :e :E for uppercase E What is the modifier to show the value in fix point number format? if number not specified, shows 6 digits after decimal :f show inf and nan lowercase :F show inf and nan uppercase What is the modifier to show the value in general format? :g :G for uppercase E in scientific notation What is the modifier to show the value in octal format? :o What is the modifier to show the value in hex format? :x lowercase :X uppercase What is the modifier to show the value in number format? :n What is the modifier to show the value in percentage format? If number not specified, will show 6 numbers after decimal; can also use 0 for no decimal :% 21 What characters are allowed in an identifier or name? letters, underscore, and digits What characters are allowed at the beginning of an identifier or name? must start with an underscore or a letter What are reserved words? words that already have a predefined meaning, such as False, None, True (with caps), break, class, continue, return, import What does an interpreter do with objects? creates and manipulates objects as needed to run code; assigns an object to a location somewhere in memory What is garbage collection? the automatic process of deleting unused objects to keep memory of computer less utilized What is name binding? associating names with interpreter objects What are the three properties each object has? value, type, and identity What is an immutable object? modification is limited to inside the function; any modification results in the creation of a new object in the function's local scope; integers and strings are immutable What does the identity of an object tell you? it is a unique numeric identifier that normally refers to the memory address where the object is stored What does e mean in scientific notation? x10 to the value of the next number What is the limit for a floating-point value? max of 1.8x10^308 min of 2.3x10^-308 What is an expression in Python? combination of variables, literals, operators, and parenthesis that evaluates to a value; just because it is an expression in algebra DOES NOT mean it is an expression in Python (for example, having both sides of the 22 equation or having 2x without the * operator) How do you find the absolute value in Python? abs( ) How do you find the square root in Python? import math ( ) How do you request input in Python? default is string variable = float(input()) variable = int(input()) What is a string literal? a string value specified in the source code; 'text' or "text" What is a sequence type? a collection of objects ordered from left to right; the first object is 0; each object's position is its index What is another term for an object's position in a collection? its index What is an implicitly defined range? if code eliminates a range of values, the range that reaches the second line of code is implicitly known if x 0 tells us that numbers that reach the second line of code are = 0 Fastest way to isolate and remove the last digit of an integer % 10 // 10 How to print theater tickets (row numbers, column letters) num_rows = int(input()) num_cols = int(input()) alph_cols = (f"chr(ord('@') + {num_cols}") c = "a" r = 1 if num_cols 0: while r = num_rows: while c = alph_cols: 23 print(f"{r}{()}", end=" ") c = chr(ord(c) + 1) r = r + 1 c = "a" print() How to transform int(input()) into corresponding alpha num_cols = int(input()) alph_cols = (f"chr(ord('@') + {num_cols}") c = "a" while c = alph_cols: print(f"{()}", end=" ") How to print an * rectangle num_rows = int(input()) num_cols = int(input()) for a in range(num_rows): for b in range(num_cols): print('*', end=' ') print() What is a break statement? Causes loop to exit immediately; else statement does not execute What is a continue statement? Causes a loop to immediately jump back to the while or for statement Sort odd and even numbers if(result % 2) != 0 is true, odd number if(result % 2) != 0 is false, even number What is enumerate( )? retrieves the index and value of an element in a list What is unpacking? performs multiple assignments at once, binding comma-separated names to elements (e.g., num1, num2 = [350, 400] would be num1 = 350 and num2 = 400) What is def ( )? begins a function definition in the format of 24 def functionName(parameters): How do you explicitly return a value or object of a function? return How do you call a function? functionName(parameters); if the function is defined inside of a class or module, you can call it with dot notation (e.g., ) What is a docstring? Comments that are added to documentation and are surrounded by three double quotes ("""Keyword arguments""") How do you name a variable versus a constant? variable_name CONSTANT_NAME What is def( )? a function definition; may contain 0 or any number of parameters def print_feet_inch_short(user_feet, user_inches): print(f"{user_feet}' {user_inches}"") user_feet = int(input()) user_inches = int(input()) print_feet_inch_short(user_feet, user_inches) What is a return statement? exits a function and returns to the statement where the function was called What is a parameter? function input(s) specified in a function definition; cannot be an expression def calc_pizza(pizza_diameter, pizza_height) What is an argument? a value provided to a function's parameter during a function call; is an expression calc_pizza(12.0, 0.3) What is a hierarchical or nested function call? a function call residing in a function statement 25 user_input = int(input()) What is a void function? functions can output and/or return a value; if it only outputs and does not return a value (e.g., print( )), it is a void function What does if __name__ == "__main__": do? It separates a section of code from the rest of the code so that you can do unit testing. If the module is the main program, it will run anything designated as __name__ == __main__. If the module was imported into the main program as a regular module (e.g., with "import"), anything designated __name__ == __main__ will NOT run. This is because when importing the module, the file name will be assigned as __name__. What is polymorphism? the behavior of an operator will depend on the type of operands; for example, * between two integers will result in the product of the integers but one string and one integer will result in the string being repeated (integer) times What is dynamic typing? the interpreter determines the type of objects as the program executes; the programmer does not have to define them What is static typing? programmer must define the type of every variable and every function parameter in the source code What is modular development? dividing a program into separate modules that can be developed and tested separately and then integrated into a single program function stubs function definitions whose statements haven't been written yet; at least one statement is required in a user defined function; can use pass keyword (program continues), return -1 (if should have a return value), print("FIXME"), or raise NotImplementedError (program stops) Easy way to print the contents of list (separated by spaces, no brackets) print(*list) 26 To iterate each element of a list for num in numbers: print(num, end=' ') Can add condition: for num in numbers: if number = 8 print(num, end=' ') What is pass-by-assignment? arguments to functions are passed by object reference Calling a variable without using f-string color = input("Enter a color: ") print("Roses are " + color) If you get an "invalid syntax error," what should you check? that you have not forgotten : also check the line before the erroring line to see if you have the : and have closed ) or } as needed During a loop, create a string, and append it? my_string = ' ' my_string += str(letter) reversed( ) my_string = "hello" rev_string = ' ' for rev in reversed(my_string): rev_string += rev return rev_string Calling a function from a function def functionA(inputA): does stuff return resultA def functionB(resultA): does stuff return resultB inputA = input( ) subAnswer = functionA(inputA) ultimateAnswer = functionB(resultA) print(ultimateAnswer) 27 What is a mutable object? in-place modification of the object can occur outside the scope of the function; e.g., adding elements to a container or sorting a list; this will affect other variables in the program that reference that object How can you avoid making unwanted changes to a mutable object in a function? pass a copy of the object as the argument; e.g., modify(my_list[ : ])