AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING - FINAL
EXAM STUDY GUIDE 100% CORRECT
AND UPDATED!!
, Ride - ANSWER tactile & visual perception of vibration
Handling - ANSWER responsiveness of vehicle to driver input, or ease of control
Cornering - ANSWER often equated with "handling", though in lateral control sense.
Directional response - ANSWER how the vehicle responds to specific steering inputs.
Understeer - ANSWER When rear axle grip is greater than front. Also known as plow
out. Increase steering angle as speed (lateral acceleration) increases
Oversteer - ANSWER When front axle grip is greater than rear. Also known as spin out.
Decrease steer angle as speed increases.
Neutral steer - ANSWER When the front and rear axle grip are equal. There is no
change of steer angle as as speed increases.
Offtracking - ANSWER Rear wheels track inside front wheels. Much more pronounced
in longer vehicles, esp. articulated vehicles.
Camber steer - ANSWER occurs because curved tire elements are forced to travel a
straight line when contacting the pavement
Roll Steer - ANSWER occurs due to suspension kinematics. Body roll can pull on
steering tire rod, increasing or decreasing steer angle.
Lateral force compliance steer - ANSWER Bushings between vehicle body and
suspension parts (e.g. control arms) are often soft in order to reduce NVH. But
compliance allowed by soft bushings can contribute a steering effect.
Ackerman Steering vs. Ackerman angle - ANSWER Ackerman steering = Steering
linkage geometry designed such that the inner and outer steering wheels both act at
angles appropriate to the turn radius
Ackerman Angle = For vehicles in low speed cornering situations, the average
roadwheel steer angle can be geometrically related to the turn radius. 𝛿 = 𝐿/R
Functions of Suspension - ANSWER a. Provide vertical compliance
b. Maintain wheels in proper steer and camber attitudes
c. React to control forces produced by tires - longitudinal, lateral forces and torques
EXAM STUDY GUIDE 100% CORRECT
AND UPDATED!!
, Ride - ANSWER tactile & visual perception of vibration
Handling - ANSWER responsiveness of vehicle to driver input, or ease of control
Cornering - ANSWER often equated with "handling", though in lateral control sense.
Directional response - ANSWER how the vehicle responds to specific steering inputs.
Understeer - ANSWER When rear axle grip is greater than front. Also known as plow
out. Increase steering angle as speed (lateral acceleration) increases
Oversteer - ANSWER When front axle grip is greater than rear. Also known as spin out.
Decrease steer angle as speed increases.
Neutral steer - ANSWER When the front and rear axle grip are equal. There is no
change of steer angle as as speed increases.
Offtracking - ANSWER Rear wheels track inside front wheels. Much more pronounced
in longer vehicles, esp. articulated vehicles.
Camber steer - ANSWER occurs because curved tire elements are forced to travel a
straight line when contacting the pavement
Roll Steer - ANSWER occurs due to suspension kinematics. Body roll can pull on
steering tire rod, increasing or decreasing steer angle.
Lateral force compliance steer - ANSWER Bushings between vehicle body and
suspension parts (e.g. control arms) are often soft in order to reduce NVH. But
compliance allowed by soft bushings can contribute a steering effect.
Ackerman Steering vs. Ackerman angle - ANSWER Ackerman steering = Steering
linkage geometry designed such that the inner and outer steering wheels both act at
angles appropriate to the turn radius
Ackerman Angle = For vehicles in low speed cornering situations, the average
roadwheel steer angle can be geometrically related to the turn radius. 𝛿 = 𝐿/R
Functions of Suspension - ANSWER a. Provide vertical compliance
b. Maintain wheels in proper steer and camber attitudes
c. React to control forces produced by tires - longitudinal, lateral forces and torques
