NSG 434 Final Exam Study Guide | Comprehensive Review, Key Concepts & Exam Prep

NSG-434 Final Exam
FF FF




hematologicFFandFFimmunologicFF dysfunctionFF assessment FF-
FFCORRECTFFANSWER-Complete FFblood FFcellFFcount



-HistoryFFandFFphysicalFF examination
-CommentsFFbyFFtheFF parentFFregardingFF child'sFFlackFFofFF energy
-FoodFFdiaryFFofFFpoorFFironFFsources
-FrequentFFinfections
-BleedingFFthatFFisF FdifficultFFtoFFcontrol
-ExamineFFskinFFforF Fpallor,FF petechiae,FF andF Fbruising


anemiaFF-FFCORRECTFF ANSWER-
TheFFmostFFcommonF FhematologicFF disorder FFofFFchildhood
-
DecreaseFFinFFnumberFFofFF RBCs FForFF hemoglobinFF(Hgb)F FconcentrationFF b
elowFFnormal,FForFFboth
-DecreasedFFoxygen-carryingFFcapacityFFofFF blood
-
CausesFFandFFphysiology:FF depletionFFofFFRBCsF ForFFHgb,FForFF both;FFmayFF b
eFFcausedFFbyFF aFF dietaryF FdepletionFFofF Firon
-Morphology:
characteristicFFchangesFFinFFRBCFF size,FF shape,F ForFFcolor,FForFF aFF combinati
onFFofFFthese
-
SignsFFandFFsymptoms:FFlackFFofFF energy,FFeasyFFfatigability, FFandFF pallor;FF
cyanosisFFisFFtypicallyF FnotFF evident

,-DiagnosticFFevaluation:
sometimesFFdefinedFF asFF HgbFF<10FForFF11FF g/dL;F Fhowever, FFthisFF cutoffFFm
ayFFbeFFinappropriateFFforF Fchildren


AplasticFFAnemia:
-
AFFconditionFFthatFFoccursFF whenFF yourFFbodyFF stops FFproducing FFenoughFF n
ewFFbloodFFcells.FF
-
TreatmentFFforFFaplasticFFanemiaFF mayFFincludeFF medications,FF bloodFFtrans
fusions,FForFFaFFstemFFcellFFtransplant,FF alsoFF knownFF asF FaFF boneFF marrowFFtr
ansplant.
-
PureFFredFFcellFFaplasiaFF(PRCA)FForF Ferythroblastopenia FFrefers FFtoFFaF FtypeF
FofFFanemiaFFaffectingF FtheFF precursorsFFto FFredFF bloodFFcellsFF butFF notFFto FFw

hiteFFbloodFFcells.FF
-InFFPRCA,FFtheFF boneFF marrow FFceases FFtoFFproduce FFredF FbloodF Fcells.


-
ImmuneFFthrombocytopenicFF purpuraFF(ITP)F FisFF aFF bleedingFF disorderFFinFF
whichFFtheFFimmuneFF systemFF destroysF Fplatelets,FF whichFFareFF necessaryFFf
orFFnormalFFbloodFFclotting.FF
-PeopleFFwithFFtheFFdiseaseFF haveFFtooFFfewFF plateletsF FinF FtheFF blood.


-DisseminatedFFintravascularFF coagulationFF(DIC)F FisFF aFFrare,FFlife-
threateningFFcondition. FF

,-
InFFtheFFearlyF FstagesFFofFFthe FFcondition,FF DICFF causesFF yourFF bloodFFtoFFclot
FFexcessively.FF



-
AsFFaFFresult,FFbloodFF clotsFFmayFFreduceFF bloodFFflow FFandFF blockFFblood FFfr
omFFreachingFFbodilyFForgans.


TherapeuticFFManagementFFofFF Anemia:
-Diagnosis:FFhistoryFF andF Fphysical,F FCBC
-
TreatmentFFofFFunderlyingFF cause:FFtransfusionFF afterF Fhemorrhage FFifFF need
ed;FFnutritionalFFinterventionFFforF FdeficiencyFFanemias
-
SupportiveFFcare:FFintravenousFF(IV)FFfluidsFFtoFFreplaceFFintravascularF Fvol
ume;FFoxygenFFtherapy;F FbedFFrest


CareFFManagementFFof


ironFFdeficiencyFF anemiaFF-F FCORRECTFF ANSWER-
CausedFFbyFFinadequate FFsupplyFFofFF dietaryFFiron
-GenerallyFFpreventable:
•Iron-fortifiedFFcerealsFF andFFformulasF FforFFinfantsFF(WICFF programs)
•SpecialFFneedsF FofFF premature FFinfants:FFreducedFFfetalFFironFFsupply
•AdolescentsFF atFFriskFF becauseFFofFF rapidFFgrowthF FandFFpoorFF eatingFFhabit
s
-CanFFgetFFironFFfromFFredF Fmeat, FFbeans,FF kale,FF raisins, FFsomeFFfruits

, Pathophysiology:
-
CausedFFbyFFanyFF number FFofFFfactors:FF duringFFlastFFtrimester,FFironFFisFFtra
nsferredFFfromFFmotherFFtoFFfetus
•AdequateFF5FFtoFF6FFmonthsFFinFFfullFFterm
•OnlyFF2FFtoFF3FFmonthsFFinFF preemies
-
"MilkFFbabies":FF •Overweight FFinfantFF because FFofFF excessiveFF milkFFingesti
on
•2FFreasonsFFbecomeF Fanemic:F FmilkFF(poorFFsource FFofFFiron)FFand
increasedFFfecal FFloss




-
TherapeuticFFmanagement:F FincreaseFFinFFtheFF amount FFofFFironFFtheFF childFF
receives
-Prognosis:FFveryFF good


-NursingFFCareFFManagement:
-Diet
-IronFFsupplementation:
•AdherenceFFtoFForalFFironF FsupplementFF withFFappropriateFF administration
•LiquidFFpreparation:FF mayFFtemporarilyFF stainFFteeth;FF brushF FteethF FafterFFa
dminFFtoFFlessenFFstaining