Psychological factors affecting performance 2026

Using spor ng examples, explain both visual and verbal guidance (2) (Visual guidance) Demonstra ons help the learner to create a mental image - e.g. a coach performing a seat drop in trampolining to show the learner how to do it (Verbal guidance) When a someone explains how to perform the ac vity - e.g. a coach telling a badminton player how to perform a smash Define the terms 'learned helplessness' and 'mastery orienta on' (2) Learned helplessness - a belief that failure is inevitable Mastery orienta on - a feeling of being in control of the outcome Iden fy two characteris cs of effec ve leadership in sport (2) Good communica on skills Confident Other than imagery, iden fy two other cogni ve stress management techniques used by sports performers (2) Ra onal thinking Mental rehearsal Using prac cal examples from sport, explain the two types of reinforcement that may be used during operant condi oning when learning motor skills (2) Posi ve reinforcement - a smulus is given when the desired response occurs e.g. a coach praising a footballer for a successful cross Nega ve reinforcement - an unpleasant smulus is withdrawn when the desired response occurs e.g. a coach stops shou ng instruc ons at the player when they make a successful cross A dive in a swimming race could be classed as a closed skill. Which one of the following terms could also be used when classifying this skill (1) B Give one reason for your answer given above (1) involves large muscle movements Front crawl in swimming can be classified as an open skill or a closed skill.