PHIL-230 Final Study Set Exam With
Complete Solutions
Q1: An argument is valid if, and only if, - ANSWER the truth of its premises
logically guarantees the truth of its conclusion
Q1: In class we noted that we can test an argument for validity even if we do not
know what some of its words mean, so long as we know what grammatical role
each word has in the argument's sentences. Is the following argument valid or
invalid?
1. If Casey is an abigucki, then rankflies can dootify.
2. Casey is an abigucki.
C. Rankflies can dootify. [1, 2]
Valid or invalid? - ANSWER Valid
Q1: An argument passes the conclusive premises test for a person only if -
ANSWER the person has a reason to believe each of the argument's premises,
and the person has no reason to disbelieve any of its premises.
Q1: Verbal signals that a writer intends what follows to be a premise in an
argument include the following: - ANSWER because; given that; since.
Q1: Something counts as a philosophical argument (or an "academic argument")
only if - ANSWER it includes at least one conclusion and one reason to believe
that conclusion.
Q1: Suppose you know that a deductive argument is invalid and that all its
premises are false. What can you reasonably conclude on the basis of your
knowledge that the argument is invalid and that all its premises are false? -
ANSWER The argument fails to prove to you that its conclusion is true.
Q1: What is true of the following argument?
1. If Tiger wins this round, then Tiger wins the Master's Tournament.
2. If Tiger wins the Master's Tournament, then Tiger regains the #1 ranking.
C. Tiger regains the #1 ranking. [1, 2]
Invalid or valid? - ANSWER invalid
Q1: Can a valid argument's premises all be false? - ANSWER yes
, Q1: "Epistemology" is an English word derived from two ancient Greek words,
which mean - ANSWER the study/account/theory of knowledge
Q1: the study/account/theory of knowledge - ANSWER no
Q1: An argument is sound if, and only if, - ANSWER it is valid and all its premises
are true.
Q1: A deductive argument (deduction) is the only kind of argument that could in
principle - ANSWER prove (in the strongest sense of "prove"; establish) the truth
of its conclusion, and therefore make its conclusion reasonable to believe.
Q1: Can a valid argument have a false conclusion? - ANSWER yes
Q1: A necessary truth is a proposition that - ANSWER is true under all possible
conditions.
Q1: "Philosophy" is an English word derived from two ancient Greek words,
which mean - ANSWER the love of wisdom.
Q1: In philosophy a proposition is - ANSWER whatever is expressed by a
declarative sentence.
Q1:
1. All trains are trucks.
2. Donald Trump is a train.
C. Donald Trump is a truck. [1, 2]
The argument above is - ANSWER valid, because its conclusion logically follows
from its premises.
Q1: The question "why is there something rather than nothing?" cannot be
answered by a scientific explanation, for the reason that - ANSWER any
scientific explanation will make use of something (e.g., a natural law) the
existence of which is not explained by that scientific explanation.
Q1: What is true of the following argument?
1. If Honey Boo Boo wins the contest, then Honey Boo Boo gets $5,000.
2. Honey Boo Boo does not get $5,000.
3. Honey Boo Boo does not win the contest. [1, 2]
valid or invalid? - ANSWER valid
In the following argument, the sentence labeled "2" is a
Complete Solutions
Q1: An argument is valid if, and only if, - ANSWER the truth of its premises
logically guarantees the truth of its conclusion
Q1: In class we noted that we can test an argument for validity even if we do not
know what some of its words mean, so long as we know what grammatical role
each word has in the argument's sentences. Is the following argument valid or
invalid?
1. If Casey is an abigucki, then rankflies can dootify.
2. Casey is an abigucki.
C. Rankflies can dootify. [1, 2]
Valid or invalid? - ANSWER Valid
Q1: An argument passes the conclusive premises test for a person only if -
ANSWER the person has a reason to believe each of the argument's premises,
and the person has no reason to disbelieve any of its premises.
Q1: Verbal signals that a writer intends what follows to be a premise in an
argument include the following: - ANSWER because; given that; since.
Q1: Something counts as a philosophical argument (or an "academic argument")
only if - ANSWER it includes at least one conclusion and one reason to believe
that conclusion.
Q1: Suppose you know that a deductive argument is invalid and that all its
premises are false. What can you reasonably conclude on the basis of your
knowledge that the argument is invalid and that all its premises are false? -
ANSWER The argument fails to prove to you that its conclusion is true.
Q1: What is true of the following argument?
1. If Tiger wins this round, then Tiger wins the Master's Tournament.
2. If Tiger wins the Master's Tournament, then Tiger regains the #1 ranking.
C. Tiger regains the #1 ranking. [1, 2]
Invalid or valid? - ANSWER invalid
Q1: Can a valid argument's premises all be false? - ANSWER yes
, Q1: "Epistemology" is an English word derived from two ancient Greek words,
which mean - ANSWER the study/account/theory of knowledge
Q1: the study/account/theory of knowledge - ANSWER no
Q1: An argument is sound if, and only if, - ANSWER it is valid and all its premises
are true.
Q1: A deductive argument (deduction) is the only kind of argument that could in
principle - ANSWER prove (in the strongest sense of "prove"; establish) the truth
of its conclusion, and therefore make its conclusion reasonable to believe.
Q1: Can a valid argument have a false conclusion? - ANSWER yes
Q1: A necessary truth is a proposition that - ANSWER is true under all possible
conditions.
Q1: "Philosophy" is an English word derived from two ancient Greek words,
which mean - ANSWER the love of wisdom.
Q1: In philosophy a proposition is - ANSWER whatever is expressed by a
declarative sentence.
Q1:
1. All trains are trucks.
2. Donald Trump is a train.
C. Donald Trump is a truck. [1, 2]
The argument above is - ANSWER valid, because its conclusion logically follows
from its premises.
Q1: The question "why is there something rather than nothing?" cannot be
answered by a scientific explanation, for the reason that - ANSWER any
scientific explanation will make use of something (e.g., a natural law) the
existence of which is not explained by that scientific explanation.
Q1: What is true of the following argument?
1. If Honey Boo Boo wins the contest, then Honey Boo Boo gets $5,000.
2. Honey Boo Boo does not get $5,000.
3. Honey Boo Boo does not win the contest. [1, 2]
valid or invalid? - ANSWER valid
In the following argument, the sentence labeled "2" is a
