ANSWER SET
◉In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is problem
recognition? Answer: Framing the problem
◉In which stage of the Davenport-Kim model is data collection?
Answer: Solving the problem
◉What is a key reason we study statistics? Answer: To make
informed decisions
◉Visually presenting the data assists in which stage of the
Davenport-Kim model? Answer: Communicating the results
◉When does research fail to produce reliable results? Answer: Poor
research validity
◉What are the two major issues surrounding research standards?
Answer: Best practices and ethics
◉In order to be a statistically valid sample, the sample must be:
Answer: The appropriate size and random
,◉Not selecting a random sample is what type of bias? Answer:
Measurement
◉Not selecting a right sized sample is what type of bias? Answer:
Measurement
◉Research best practices eliminate... Answer: Bias
◉Outliers create this type of error Answer: Out-of Range
◉Unpredictable error Answer: Random Error - No correlation
◉Error may occur from missing data. (Example: Space not filled in)
Answer: Omission Error - Distorted results
◉This error repeats itself Answer: Systematic Error - Skewed results
◉Observation points that are distant from other observations.
Answer: Outliers Note: Can be included or excluded in analysis
(causes skewness)
, ◉Types of Bias: Bias that occurs from not selecting a random sample
Answer: Measurement bias
◉Types of Bias: Bias introduced because respondents believe it will
be beneficial if selected. Answer: Conscious bias (key word: benefit)
◉Consistent and repeatable data Answer: Reliable
◉Resulting from accurate measurements Answer: Valid data
◉If a responder lies on their survey, this creates what type of bias?
Answer: Information
◉Sorting your spreadsheet can expose these errors by moving them
to the very top or the very bottom of the column Answer: Omission
or Out-of-Range
◉An error that will fix itself over time Answer: Random
◉An error that will not fix itself. You must do something Answer:
Systematic
◉Cleaning and organizing data Answer: Data Management