BIO 106 EXAM 4 (JORGENSEN)
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED
100% CORRECT
What is a gamete, and what is a zygote? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Gamete is the
reproduction cell in male and females, a zygote is the fusion of gametes.
Q2: For each of the following, is it sexual or asexual?
A. parthenogenesis
B. fragmentation/regeneration
C. fertilization
D. hermaphroditism
E. fission - Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Asexual
B. Asexual
C. Sexual
D. Sexual
E. Asexual
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Takes longer
(find a mate, fertilize, offspring development)
What big advantage does sexual reproduction have? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Genetic
variation
External fertilization: Describe the requirements for this to be successful. - Correct
Answer ✔✔ A moist habitat, fertilization
Internal Fertilization: What two things are required for this mode of reproduction? -
Correct Answer ✔✔ Sophisticated and compatible repro systems; cooperative behavior;
and male copulatory organ
1. Who produces more gametes - those with internal or external fertilization?
2. Whose offspring (zygotes) have a higher survival rate - those with internal or external
fertilization? - Correct Answer ✔✔ 1. External
2. Internal
What factors increase the survival rates for those with internal fertilization? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Protective shells and membranes (terrestrial eggs) and retaining the
embryo/having it develop inside the female (most mammals).
1. What is the general term for an organ that produces gametes?
, 2. What are the specific names for the male and female organs above? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ 1. Gonads
2. Testes and ovaries
What are spermatogenesis and oogenesis? In what 3 significant ways do they differ
from each other? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Spermatogenesis: the production of sperm. All
stages are completed in testes; Continuous process; Produces mobile gametes
Oogenesis: the production of oocytes (eggs). The major part occurs inside the ovary,
others in oviduct; Discontinuous process;
Produces non-mobile gametes
List the three major steroid sex hormones produced in the gonads: - Correct Answer
✔✔ 1. Androgens (testosterone)
2. Estrogens (estradiol)
3. Progesterone
What is the difference between the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Ovarian cycle is the cyclic recurrence of ovulation. The uterine cycle is the
cyclic changes in the endometrium (uterine lining).
What happens to the follicular tissue following ovulation? - Correct Answer ✔✔ The
remaining follicular tissue forms the corpus luteum.
What is the function of the acrosomal reaction? That is, what does it accomplish in the
process of fertilization? - Correct Answer ✔✔ To help the sperm get through the egg's
protective coat. It allows the egg and the sperm to fuse.
What happens during the "fast block to polyspermy"? - Correct Answer ✔✔ The electric
potential of the egg plasma membrane changes.
What is the function of the cortical reaction? - Correct Answer ✔✔ To prevent
polyspermy
What is "polyspermy" and why is it bad? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Polyspermy is the
entrance of multiple sperm. Can create inviable zygotes or prevent fertilization.
The zygote undergoes division (cleavage) creating a hollow ball of cells. What name is
given to this structure? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Blastula
What does the process of gastrulation create in the developing embryo? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ The gut tube (archenteron)
What is an archenteron? - Correct Answer ✔✔ A cavity within an animal embryo
What is a blastopore? - Correct Answer ✔✔ A pit in the side of the embryo that allows
endodermal flow
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED
100% CORRECT
What is a gamete, and what is a zygote? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Gamete is the
reproduction cell in male and females, a zygote is the fusion of gametes.
Q2: For each of the following, is it sexual or asexual?
A. parthenogenesis
B. fragmentation/regeneration
C. fertilization
D. hermaphroditism
E. fission - Correct Answer ✔✔ A. Asexual
B. Asexual
C. Sexual
D. Sexual
E. Asexual
What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Takes longer
(find a mate, fertilize, offspring development)
What big advantage does sexual reproduction have? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Genetic
variation
External fertilization: Describe the requirements for this to be successful. - Correct
Answer ✔✔ A moist habitat, fertilization
Internal Fertilization: What two things are required for this mode of reproduction? -
Correct Answer ✔✔ Sophisticated and compatible repro systems; cooperative behavior;
and male copulatory organ
1. Who produces more gametes - those with internal or external fertilization?
2. Whose offspring (zygotes) have a higher survival rate - those with internal or external
fertilization? - Correct Answer ✔✔ 1. External
2. Internal
What factors increase the survival rates for those with internal fertilization? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Protective shells and membranes (terrestrial eggs) and retaining the
embryo/having it develop inside the female (most mammals).
1. What is the general term for an organ that produces gametes?
, 2. What are the specific names for the male and female organs above? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ 1. Gonads
2. Testes and ovaries
What are spermatogenesis and oogenesis? In what 3 significant ways do they differ
from each other? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Spermatogenesis: the production of sperm. All
stages are completed in testes; Continuous process; Produces mobile gametes
Oogenesis: the production of oocytes (eggs). The major part occurs inside the ovary,
others in oviduct; Discontinuous process;
Produces non-mobile gametes
List the three major steroid sex hormones produced in the gonads: - Correct Answer
✔✔ 1. Androgens (testosterone)
2. Estrogens (estradiol)
3. Progesterone
What is the difference between the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ Ovarian cycle is the cyclic recurrence of ovulation. The uterine cycle is the
cyclic changes in the endometrium (uterine lining).
What happens to the follicular tissue following ovulation? - Correct Answer ✔✔ The
remaining follicular tissue forms the corpus luteum.
What is the function of the acrosomal reaction? That is, what does it accomplish in the
process of fertilization? - Correct Answer ✔✔ To help the sperm get through the egg's
protective coat. It allows the egg and the sperm to fuse.
What happens during the "fast block to polyspermy"? - Correct Answer ✔✔ The electric
potential of the egg plasma membrane changes.
What is the function of the cortical reaction? - Correct Answer ✔✔ To prevent
polyspermy
What is "polyspermy" and why is it bad? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Polyspermy is the
entrance of multiple sperm. Can create inviable zygotes or prevent fertilization.
The zygote undergoes division (cleavage) creating a hollow ball of cells. What name is
given to this structure? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Blastula
What does the process of gastrulation create in the developing embryo? - Correct
Answer ✔✔ The gut tube (archenteron)
What is an archenteron? - Correct Answer ✔✔ A cavity within an animal embryo
What is a blastopore? - Correct Answer ✔✔ A pit in the side of the embryo that allows
endodermal flow
