TEST 3 NUR 254 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
Hypothalamus - ANS brain region controlling the pituitary gland. Secrets CRH, GN-RH, GHRH,
SOMATSTATIN GHIH, PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE, AND TRH
pituitary gland - ANS The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of
the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
adrenal cortex - ANS outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes (gluticocorticoids) cortisol,
(mineralcortocoids) aldosterone, and sex hormones
adrenal medulla - ANS secretes (catecholamines) epinephrine and norepinephrine
Anterior pituitary gland - ANS Secretes tropic hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH), ACTH, growth hormone (somatotropic hormone), and the gonadotropins, prolactin,
melanocyte stimulating hormone
Posterior pituitary gland - ANS (Vasopressin)ADH and oxytocin
parathyroid glands - ANS small pea-like organs that secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) to
regulate calcium and phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissues
Posterior pituitary disorders - ANS diabetes insipidus
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
1
,SIADH
Posterior pituitary disorders - ANS Hormone: ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
Target: Distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys
Action: Increases water reabsorption
diabetes insipidus - ANS Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)
from posterior pituitary
Secondary to:
Brain tumors
Neuorsurgery
Head trauma
Clinical Manifestations Of Diabetes Insipidus - ANS Polyuria - Enormous output of "water-like
urine" w/ urine specific gravity < 1.005 (normally 1.010-1.030). ℅ nocturia.
Polydipsia - Intense thirst
Hemoconcentration - Elevated serum sodium (>145 mEq/L) and hematocrit (>50%)
Volume deficit - hypotension, tachycardia, tenting turgor, fatigue, prolonged capillary refill
Diagnostics of diabetes insipidus? - ANS Urine-Decreased urine osmolality (<200 mOsm/kg)
and urine specific gravity <1.005
Serum -Hypernatremia (Na >145 mEq/L)
Hematocrit increased (Hct >50%)
Osmolality increased (>300 mOsm/kg)
Water (fluid) deprivation test-All water withheld
Measure urine osmolality and body weight hourly
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
2
,Normally urine osmolality increases to 2 to 4 times the serum. With DI the urine osmolality
doesn't increase and the serum osmolality continues to increase
CT or MRI to assess for cause (if not apparent)
Management of Diabetes Insipidus - ANS Replace Fluids:
P.O. water
Hypotonic IV fluids if unable to take p.o. (D5W)
Monitor for hyperglycemia, volume overload and slowly decreasing the serum sodium
Replace ADH:
Desmopressin (DDAVP) or Vasopressin (Pitressin) - synthetic ADH (SQ, IN, or oral).
Monitor U/O, serum electrolytes, fluid status (skin turgor, cap refill, daily weight)
Complications of diabetes insipidus - ANS Dehydration/hypovolemia/circulatory collapse
Hypernatremia w/CNS dysfunction (seizures, confusion, coma, etc.)
Nursing Diagnosis Diabetes Insipidus - ANS FVD, Risk for ineff therap regimen
Nursing Interventions Diabetes Insipidus - ANS Assess:
VS, weight, I&O, Visual acuity, Serum Na/osmolality/Urine specific gravity
Do:
Administer DDAVP, IVFs, p.o. fluids, mouth care
Teach:
Daily weights, Manifestations, FVE, Medications
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
3
, The functioning of the endocrine system works on what type of system?
Negative feedback system
Positive feedback system
Alternating negative and positive feedback system
Closed loop system - ANS Negative feedback system
What is it referred to when an endocrine gland itself causes the hypersecretion or
hyposecretion of a hormone?
Primary disorder
Secondary disorder
Tertiary disorder
Organ disorder - ANS Primary disorder
Which hormones of the body function to maintain the metabolism of the body? Select all that
apply.
T3
PTH
T4
FSH
CRH - ANS T3
t4
When a client is experiencing a lack of cortisol, which glands could be the cause? Select all that
apply.
Adrenal gland
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
4
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026/2027
Hypothalamus - ANS brain region controlling the pituitary gland. Secrets CRH, GN-RH, GHRH,
SOMATSTATIN GHIH, PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE, AND TRH
pituitary gland - ANS The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of
the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
adrenal cortex - ANS outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes (gluticocorticoids) cortisol,
(mineralcortocoids) aldosterone, and sex hormones
adrenal medulla - ANS secretes (catecholamines) epinephrine and norepinephrine
Anterior pituitary gland - ANS Secretes tropic hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH), ACTH, growth hormone (somatotropic hormone), and the gonadotropins, prolactin,
melanocyte stimulating hormone
Posterior pituitary gland - ANS (Vasopressin)ADH and oxytocin
parathyroid glands - ANS small pea-like organs that secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) to
regulate calcium and phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissues
Posterior pituitary disorders - ANS diabetes insipidus
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
1
,SIADH
Posterior pituitary disorders - ANS Hormone: ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
Target: Distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys
Action: Increases water reabsorption
diabetes insipidus - ANS Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)
from posterior pituitary
Secondary to:
Brain tumors
Neuorsurgery
Head trauma
Clinical Manifestations Of Diabetes Insipidus - ANS Polyuria - Enormous output of "water-like
urine" w/ urine specific gravity < 1.005 (normally 1.010-1.030). ℅ nocturia.
Polydipsia - Intense thirst
Hemoconcentration - Elevated serum sodium (>145 mEq/L) and hematocrit (>50%)
Volume deficit - hypotension, tachycardia, tenting turgor, fatigue, prolonged capillary refill
Diagnostics of diabetes insipidus? - ANS Urine-Decreased urine osmolality (<200 mOsm/kg)
and urine specific gravity <1.005
Serum -Hypernatremia (Na >145 mEq/L)
Hematocrit increased (Hct >50%)
Osmolality increased (>300 mOsm/kg)
Water (fluid) deprivation test-All water withheld
Measure urine osmolality and body weight hourly
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
2
,Normally urine osmolality increases to 2 to 4 times the serum. With DI the urine osmolality
doesn't increase and the serum osmolality continues to increase
CT or MRI to assess for cause (if not apparent)
Management of Diabetes Insipidus - ANS Replace Fluids:
P.O. water
Hypotonic IV fluids if unable to take p.o. (D5W)
Monitor for hyperglycemia, volume overload and slowly decreasing the serum sodium
Replace ADH:
Desmopressin (DDAVP) or Vasopressin (Pitressin) - synthetic ADH (SQ, IN, or oral).
Monitor U/O, serum electrolytes, fluid status (skin turgor, cap refill, daily weight)
Complications of diabetes insipidus - ANS Dehydration/hypovolemia/circulatory collapse
Hypernatremia w/CNS dysfunction (seizures, confusion, coma, etc.)
Nursing Diagnosis Diabetes Insipidus - ANS FVD, Risk for ineff therap regimen
Nursing Interventions Diabetes Insipidus - ANS Assess:
VS, weight, I&O, Visual acuity, Serum Na/osmolality/Urine specific gravity
Do:
Administer DDAVP, IVFs, p.o. fluids, mouth care
Teach:
Daily weights, Manifestations, FVE, Medications
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
3
, The functioning of the endocrine system works on what type of system?
Negative feedback system
Positive feedback system
Alternating negative and positive feedback system
Closed loop system - ANS Negative feedback system
What is it referred to when an endocrine gland itself causes the hypersecretion or
hyposecretion of a hormone?
Primary disorder
Secondary disorder
Tertiary disorder
Organ disorder - ANS Primary disorder
Which hormones of the body function to maintain the metabolism of the body? Select all that
apply.
T3
PTH
T4
FSH
CRH - ANS T3
t4
When a client is experiencing a lack of cortisol, which glands could be the cause? Select all that
apply.
Adrenal gland
2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
4
