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Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam 2026/2027 –
Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with
Verified Questions & Detailed Rationales | Grade A
1. A nurse is teaching about acute renal failure. Which statement accurately describes
acute renal failure?
A. Irreversible loss of kidney function
B. Reversible kidney injury
C. Always progresses to chronic kidney disease
D. Caused only by diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute renal failure (acute kidney injury) is typically reversible with prompt
identification and treatment of the underlying cause.
2. A nurse is evaluating a patient recovering from acute renal failure. What finding
indicates a good prognosis?
A. The kidneys do not respond to diuretics
B. The kidneys respond to diuretics with good output
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C. The patient develops anuria
D. The patient requires dialysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If the kidneys respond to diuretics with good urine output, this indicates that
the kidneys are functioning well and suggests a favorable prognosis.
3. A nurse is assessing a patient with suspected acute pyelonephritis. Which diagnostic
finding is most specific for pyelonephritis?
A. Positive urine culture
B. WBC casts on urinalysis
C. Fever and chills
D. Dysuria and frequency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: WBC casts on urinalysis are a specific finding for pyelonephritis, indicating
inflammation within the kidney tubules.
4. A nurse is reviewing the goals of treatment for a patient with renal calculi. Which
are appropriate goals? (Select all that apply.)
A. Manage acute pain
B. Promote passage of the stone
C. Reduce size of the stone
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D. Prevent new stone formation
E. Increase dietary calcium intake
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Goals for renal calculi include managing acute pain, promoting passage,
reducing stone size, and preventing new stone formation.
5. A nurse is teaching about chronic kidney disease (CKD). What is the most significant
risk factor for developing CKD?
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
D. Polycystic kidney disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the most significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease,
followed by hypertension.
6. A nurse is classifying CKD stages. How is CKD stage determined?
A. Based on patient symptoms
B. Estimates of GFR and albuminuria
C. Serum creatinine level only
D. Patient age and gender
Chamberlain NR 507 Final Exam 2026/2027 –
Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with
Verified Questions & Detailed Rationales | Grade A
1. A nurse is teaching about acute renal failure. Which statement accurately describes
acute renal failure?
A. Irreversible loss of kidney function
B. Reversible kidney injury
C. Always progresses to chronic kidney disease
D. Caused only by diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute renal failure (acute kidney injury) is typically reversible with prompt
identification and treatment of the underlying cause.
2. A nurse is evaluating a patient recovering from acute renal failure. What finding
indicates a good prognosis?
A. The kidneys do not respond to diuretics
B. The kidneys respond to diuretics with good output
,2|Page
C. The patient develops anuria
D. The patient requires dialysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If the kidneys respond to diuretics with good urine output, this indicates that
the kidneys are functioning well and suggests a favorable prognosis.
3. A nurse is assessing a patient with suspected acute pyelonephritis. Which diagnostic
finding is most specific for pyelonephritis?
A. Positive urine culture
B. WBC casts on urinalysis
C. Fever and chills
D. Dysuria and frequency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: WBC casts on urinalysis are a specific finding for pyelonephritis, indicating
inflammation within the kidney tubules.
4. A nurse is reviewing the goals of treatment for a patient with renal calculi. Which
are appropriate goals? (Select all that apply.)
A. Manage acute pain
B. Promote passage of the stone
C. Reduce size of the stone
, 3|Page
D. Prevent new stone formation
E. Increase dietary calcium intake
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Goals for renal calculi include managing acute pain, promoting passage,
reducing stone size, and preventing new stone formation.
5. A nurse is teaching about chronic kidney disease (CKD). What is the most significant
risk factor for developing CKD?
A. Hypertension
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
D. Polycystic kidney disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the most significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease,
followed by hypertension.
6. A nurse is classifying CKD stages. How is CKD stage determined?
A. Based on patient symptoms
B. Estimates of GFR and albuminuria
C. Serum creatinine level only
D. Patient age and gender
