OPTOMETRY CALIFORNIA LAW FINAL EXM 2026 WITH
COMPLETE DETAILED QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
eye's first refractive surface
cornea
aperture in the eye that varies in size to control the amount of light entering the
eye (protects inner layer from damage)
pupil
colored muscle of the eye that can contract, controlling the aperture (pupil) in
order to vary the amount of light entering
iris
eye's second refractive surface
lens
,What are the two refractive surfaces of the eye?
cornea, lens
Which contributes the MOST refractive power to the eye: cornea or lens?
cornea
inside lining of the eye onto which light is focused
retina
area of the retina that generally contains the largest number of cones, where light
is most focused
macula
most sensitive area of the retina, found in the macula, where light focuses best;
contains largest number cones
**must be intact for good vision
,fovea
Which photoreceptors are more sensitive to bright light: rods or cones?
cones
Are rods found in the more central or peripheral portion of the retina?
peripheral
Are cones found in the more central or peripheral portion of the retina?
central
nerve that gathers all the information from the retina and transmits it to the brain
optic nerve
How can you tell from a fundus image which eye you're looking at?
optic nerve is closer to the nose
, smooth muscle of the eye that can contract to make the iris aperture (pupil)
smaller in bright conditions
iris sphincter (muscle)
smooth muscle of the eye that can contract to make the iris aperture (pupil)
larger in dim conditions
iris dilator (muscle)
tough, white, fibrous coat of the eye that serves as a protective layer around the
eyeball
sclera
clear, cellophane-like mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the
anterior portion of the sclera
conjunctiva
COMPLETE DETAILED QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
eye's first refractive surface
cornea
aperture in the eye that varies in size to control the amount of light entering the
eye (protects inner layer from damage)
pupil
colored muscle of the eye that can contract, controlling the aperture (pupil) in
order to vary the amount of light entering
iris
eye's second refractive surface
lens
,What are the two refractive surfaces of the eye?
cornea, lens
Which contributes the MOST refractive power to the eye: cornea or lens?
cornea
inside lining of the eye onto which light is focused
retina
area of the retina that generally contains the largest number of cones, where light
is most focused
macula
most sensitive area of the retina, found in the macula, where light focuses best;
contains largest number cones
**must be intact for good vision
,fovea
Which photoreceptors are more sensitive to bright light: rods or cones?
cones
Are rods found in the more central or peripheral portion of the retina?
peripheral
Are cones found in the more central or peripheral portion of the retina?
central
nerve that gathers all the information from the retina and transmits it to the brain
optic nerve
How can you tell from a fundus image which eye you're looking at?
optic nerve is closer to the nose
, smooth muscle of the eye that can contract to make the iris aperture (pupil)
smaller in bright conditions
iris sphincter (muscle)
smooth muscle of the eye that can contract to make the iris aperture (pupil)
larger in dim conditions
iris dilator (muscle)
tough, white, fibrous coat of the eye that serves as a protective layer around the
eyeball
sclera
clear, cellophane-like mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the
anterior portion of the sclera
conjunctiva
