MED SURG CMS FINAL PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

MED SURG CMS FINAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+



◉ Severity of heart failure. Answer: Can be mild to life-threatening.


◉ Common underlying cause of heart failure. Answer: Often caused
by another disease (e.g., MI).


◉ Right-sided heart failure. Answer: Causes systemic swelling (not
emergent).


◉ Signs of right-sided heart failure. Answer: +3 pitting edema,
jugular vein distention (JVD), ascites.


◉ Left-sided heart failure. Answer: Causes pulmonary congestion
(emergent).


◉ Signs of left-sided heart failure. Answer: Dyspnea, orthopnea, pink
frothy sputum.

, ◉ Fluids and sodium in heart failure. Answer: Do not add fluids or
sodium.


◉ Medication for heart failure. Answer: Diuretics such as
furosemide, given IV no faster than 20mg/min.


◉ Risk with diuretic therapy in heart failure. Answer: Can cause
hypokalemia; potassium supplements may be required.


◉ Myocardial infarction definition. Answer: Death of heart muscle
due to occlusion of coronary arteries (usually from thrombus or
embolus).


◉ Common symptoms of MI. Answer: Chest pain, dyspnea,
diaphoresis, jaw pain, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness,
sense of doom.


◉ NSTEMI. Answer: no ST elevation but ↑ troponin


◉ STEMI. Answer: ST elevation MI, real-time ongoing death of heart
tissue due to ischemia


◉ First action in suspected MI. Answer: Stop all activity and obtain
vital signs and ECG.