NSG530 (NEW Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Review Exam 1Questions &lAnswers GradelA 100-lCorrectl(VerifiedlSolutions) Wilkes university.pdf

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NSG530 (NEW 2025-2026lUpdate)lAdvancedl
Pathophysiology Review Examl 1 Questions
&lAnswers GradelA
100%lCorrectl(VerifiedlSolutions)lWilkes university

QUESTION
whatl isl thel 1stl linel ofl defense?


Answer:
-l innatel immunityl (presentl @l birth)
-l includesl naturall barriersl (physical-skin,l biochemicall enzymes,l microbe-el coli)
-l toll-likel receptorsl (TLR)l innatel responsel tol pathogens
-l T&B




QUESTION
whatl isl thel 2ndl linel ofl defense?


Answer:
-l inflammationl occursl inl vascularizedl tissue
-l acutel inflammatoryl response
-l chronicl inflammation -l
woundl healing




QUESTION
whatl isl anl acutel inflammatoryl response?

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Answer:
-l injuryl orl invasionl (1stl response)
-l mastl cellsl mostl importantl mediatorsl ofl inflammationl (degranulation)
-l activationl ofl plasmal systemsl &l releasel ofl celll products
-l leukocytes




QUESTION
whatl arel leukocytes?


Answer:
-l defenders




QUESTION
whol arel 1stl responders?


Answer:
-l neutrophils




QUESTION
whol arel thel "killerl cells"?


Answer: -l
lymphocytes

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QUESTION
whenl doesl chronicl inflammationl occurl with?


Answer:
-l persistencel ofl infection,l anl antigenl orl foreignl body




QUESTION
whatl arel toll-likel receptors?l wherel arel theyl found?


Answer:
-l foundl onl celll surface/plasmal membranel (outerl membranel ofl phagocyticl cells)
-l mainl contributorl tol innatel immunity
-l playl importantl rolel inl defense
-l detectl pathogens,l virall &l bacteriall RNAl &l DNA -l
earlyl contactl withl infectiousl microorganisms




QUESTION
whatl isl humorall immunity?


Answer:
-l antigensl &l antibodiesl bindl withl memories




QUESTION
whatl isl anotherl namel forl anl antibody?


Answer:

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-l immunoglobulinl (Ig)




QUESTION
whatl isl IgE?


Answer:
-l responsel tol environmentall antigens,l allergies




QUESTION
whatl isl IgGl &l IgM?
Answer:
-l elevatedl inl tissuel specificl
-l IgMl responsel tol anl activel infectionl 1stl responsel tol viral,l testl forl activel orl recoveringl
covid




QUESTION
whatl isl anl activel adaptivel immunityl response?


Answer:
-l activel originatedl inl hostl afterl naturall exposurel orl immunization




QUESTION
whatl isl al passivel adaptivel immunityl response?


Answer: