ANT 345 QUIZ QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

ANT 345 QUIZ QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Which of the following are concepts associated with the field that has come to be known as human behavioral ecology (HBE) ? - Answers HBE integrates theory about the mechanisms for behavior and the processes that drive behavioral decision-making HBE applies theory and methods developed for the study of non-human animals to human behavior HBE is both ecological and evolutionary Given the definition of Human Behavioral Ecology given in Lecture 1, which of the following statements do you expect to true or correct? - Answers Human behavioral ecology considers most behaviors to be influenced by natural selection Human behavioral ecology is a holistic science that takes into consideration context, environment and interactions Human behavioral ecology has tools for studying both learned and innate behaviors Human behavioral ecologists study the economics of hunter-gatherers Which of the following are important factors in determining human behavior? - Answers The costs and benefits of a behavioral strategy Fitness effects of alternative behavioral strategies The environment in which the behavior is performed Proximate cues that trigger the behavior The social context in which the behavior is perfofmed Which of the following are critiques of human behavioral ecology that have some validity? - Answers HBE assumes too often that natural selection is the primary force driving human behavior HBE cannot explain all behavior on the basis of "optimality" considerations From the overview provided in Lecture 1, which of the following do you expect to be true or correct about human foraging? - Answers Foraging surpluses allow food-sharing and cooperative breeding Foraging is important for fitness because of nutritional effects on survival and fertility Foraging shifts in early human ancestors may have driven many aspects of human evolution Foraging is often performed differently by individuals of different ages and genders A complex structure like the eye would be unlikely to emerge from a single large-scale mutation. How does gradualism help evolutionists address the evolution of complex adaptations, such as the eye? - Answers Because there are extant lineages that evolved eyespots and rudimentary eyes Why does Fisher's microscope analogy predict small changes over evolutionary time? - Answers Because small mutations are more likely to be beneficial than large mutations Because small changes can add up to large changes over evolutionary time Why is Uniformitarianism an important concept for human evolution? - Answers Because it allows us to assume that evolutionary processes are similar for humans, plants and animals Because it requires us to derive theory for why things are the way we see them today based on observations we make across different time frames Because it allows us to consider how a trait may have been adaptive for extinct species Which of the following explains why it is useful to view natural selection as a filter for organisms? - Answers Because natural selection acts by limiting the reproductive success of some individuals Because natural selection sorts individuals based on their phenotypes Because natural selection leads to greater adaptation in a population Which of the following is true about selection on beak size among Galapagos Finches? - Answers During a severe drought, only large seeds were available, so beak size increased Finches with large beaks suffer an energetic cost of growing large beaks During a severe drought, finches with large beaks suffered high juvenile mortality Finches with small beaks are better at eating small seeds Which of the following would you expect when niche partitioning drives character displacement? - Answers There is strong competition among individuals Character displacement decreases competition Which of the following would you expect under stabilizing selection on human birth weight? - Answers The largest babies are less likely to survive The smallest babies are less likely to survive Instinct - Answers Genetically programmed behavioral responses Evolutionary Psychology - Answers Genetic evolution of the neurological bases of behavior cultural evolution - Answers The study of social influences on genetic evolution Sociobiology - Answers The systematic study of the biological basis of behavior Imprinting - Answers Strong bonds derived from critical stimulus during sensitive period of development Behavioral Ecology - Answers Evolutionary analysis of the fitness consequences of behavioral strategies Tinbergen's Four Questions - Answers Explanations relying on the function, origin, mechanism and developmental aspects of behavior collective Action - Answers nurture genetic adaptation - Answers nature free will - Answers nurture neural circuits - Answers nature innate behaviors - Answers nature programmed responses - Answers nature social reciprocity - Answers nurture cultural transmission - Answers nurture allele frequencies - Answers nature learned responses - Answers nurture instincts - Answers nature cultural traditions - Answers nurture Long intervals between births - Answers slow mouse - Answers slow highannual fertility - Answers fast post reproductive lifespan - Answers slow rapid growth of juveniles - Answers fast early maturity - Answers fast elephant - Answers slow high adult mortality - Answers fast chimpanzee compared to squirrel monkey - Answers slow long lifespan - Answers slow Allocating energy to higher mating effort may reduce lifespan - Answers true Individuals can redirect energy to survival if there is no opportunity to reproduce - Answers true Allocating energy to current reproduction may limit future reproduction - Answers true Allocating energy to growth may increase future reproduction and survival - Answers true Energy allocated to reproduction cannot be allocated to growth or survival - Answers true Allocating energy to survival is always the best strategy - Answers false Sickle cell trait is more common in areas with high endemic malaria prevalence - Answers true Sickle cell trait can improve survival chances of children infected with malaria - Answers true There is strong selection to remove sickle cell trait in most populations - Answers true Sickle cell trait increases rates of anemia - Answers true Sickle cell trait makes individuals more susceptible to malaria - Answers false Increasing survival from age 1 to age 10 - Answers Increasing 2Increasing survival from age 75 to age 80 - Answers no effect Doubling fertility at age 5 - Answers no effect Doubling fertility at age 25 - Answers increasing Increasing mortality at all ages - Answers decreasing Reaching maturity at a later age - Answers decreasing Reaching menopause at at later age - Answers increasing Population growth decreases with increasing density - Answers negative density dependence Population decline after exceeding carrying capacity - Answers overshoot Population regulation by decreasing fertility - Answers positive check Population increasing rapidly at low density - Answers exponential growth Population begins to decline due to resource depletion - Answers point of crisis Population growth slowing as it approaches carrying capacity carrying capacity - Answers logistic growth Population regulation by increasing mortality - Answers negative check Given what you have learned about Thomas Malthus's influence on theories developed by Charles Darwin, which of the following do you expect to be true? - Answers If every animal born survived to adulthood, there would not be any room left on Earth Populations growth rates are regulated by fertility and survival Only so many individuals can be supported by the limited resources in the environment Population growth rates often exceed the growth in resources required by populations Population dynamics of predators and prey are linked - Answers Lynx-hare cycles Populations may stabilize and neither grow or sharing - Answers population equilibrium Rapid increase without limitation - Answers exponential growth Population growth slows as the population size approaches the 'carrying capacity' - Answers logistic growth Decreasing fertility when population density is high - Answers positive check Increasing mortality when population density is high - Answers negative check Which of the following do human infants recognize innately (select all that apply)? - Answers snakes spiders human faces One bird follows its mother around everywhere she goes, but the other follows a dog. - Answers attachment imprinting One bird learns its species-specific song but the other does not. Growing up, neither hears a male of it's own species. - Answers mutation in gene related to innate song recognition One bird learns its species-specific song but the other does not. The one that learns its song hears a male of its own species as a juvenile but the other only hears other the songs of species. - Answers critical learning period reflexes - Answers innate language skills - Answers learned ability to acquire language as an adult - Answers learned recognition of human face - Answers inante Ability to acquire language as a child - Answers innate Recogntion of mother vs. other adult - Answers learned Recognition of snakes - Answers innate Which of the following is likely to have a critical learning period? - Answers birdsongs that are not innate attachment imprinting human language Flexible response - Answers facultative Migration based on ecological conditions - Answers facultative fixed programmed response - Answers obligate instincts - Answers obligate always fly to the same breeding grounds - Answers obligate heartbeat - Answers obligate flexing biceps - Answers facultative conscious decisions - Answers facultative risk of death from poisonous animals - Answers ultimate detecting a snake - Answers proximate sensory cues - Answers proximate day length - Answers proximate effects on fertility - Answers ultimate effects on mating success - Answers ultimate effects on survival - Answers ultimate body condition - Answers proximate For animals that migrate seasonally, what adaptive mechanisms can they use to decide when to migrate? - Answers sensing the day length and migrating when days get longer or shorter migrating based on one's own body condition migrating based on ecological conditions When I raised the question in class about whether cattle ranching is "good" for cows, in the sense of being a mutualistic interaction, what information do we need to know to make that assessment? - Answers Whether cows have higher reproductive success through captive breeding compared to breeding in the wild Which is of the following is NOT true regarding the Phenotypic Gambit concept applied in Human Behavioral Ecology? - Answers it assumes all behavior is genetically inherited If the "Genetic Gambit" is useful for "reverse engineering" the evolution of genetically-inherited traits based on their observed effects on fitness, how does the "Phenotypic Gambit" allow us to "forward-engineer" behavioral traits? - Answers It allows us to predict the fitness outcomes of different