FINAL EXAM NUR150 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ Risk factors for COPD. Answer: - Smoking or smoke exposure
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)
- Occupational dusts and chemicals
- Indoor an Outdoor air pollution
◉ Emphysema (pink puffer). Answer: wheezing in lungs
◉ pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis. Answer: -cough and
sputum production for at least 3 month in each of 2 consecutive
years
-ciliary function is reduced, bronchial walls thicken, bronchial
airways narrow, and mucous can plug the airways
-alveoli is damaged and the fibroses and alveolar macrophage
function diminishes
-pt more susceptible to respiratory infections
◉ Emphysema background. Answer: -abnormal distention of air
spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles with destruction of the
walls of alveoli (shown with wheezing)
,-mainly caused from smoking and infection
-can lead to hypoxemia
-can lead to increased pulmonary artery pressure and can cause
right sided heart failure
◉ clinical manifestation of chronic bronchitis. Answer: -sputum
production
-cough
-dyspnea
-"barrel chest"
-weight loss result to dyspnea
-fatigue
-crackles in lungs
-peripheral edema-ankles-(right HF)
◉ Complications of COPD. Answer: -acute respiratory
failure/insufficiency
-pulmonary hypertension
-pneumonia
-chronic atelectasis
-pneumothorax
,-cor pulmonale (can be caused by the low o2 in the vessels from the
COPD. this causes strain from the pulmonary HTN on R V and cause
HF)
◉ Diagnostic test/ Assessment COPD. Answer: -PFT
-spirometry
-ABGs (not enough to diagnosis COPD)
-chest x-ray
-hx and physical exam
-6 minute walk test
-serum x1-antitrypsin levels
◉ Medical management of COPD. Answer: -smoking cessation
-drug therapy
-provide o2 therapy/breathing exercises
-bronchodilators prior to meals
-low carb (takes co2 to break it down), high protein, high cal
-pneumococcal vaccine
-flu vaccine
-pulmonary rehabilitation
-good nutritional
, ◉ medications for COPD. Answer: -bronchodilators, MDIs(mulit-
dose inhaler)(beta-adrenergic agonists, muscarinic atagonists/
anticholinergics, combination agents),
-corticosteroids,
-antibiotics,
-mucolytics,
-antitussives
◉ OSA manifestations. Answer: -arousal during sleep
-insomnia
-excessive daytime sleepiness
-witnessed apnea episodes
-loud snoring with periods of no breathing for 10 seconds or longer
for at least 5 times per hour
-hard time to complete task
-interpersonal hardship
-impaired memory
3S
-Snoring , sleeplessness, and significant other reports of apneic
periods
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ Risk factors for COPD. Answer: - Smoking or smoke exposure
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)
- Occupational dusts and chemicals
- Indoor an Outdoor air pollution
◉ Emphysema (pink puffer). Answer: wheezing in lungs
◉ pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis. Answer: -cough and
sputum production for at least 3 month in each of 2 consecutive
years
-ciliary function is reduced, bronchial walls thicken, bronchial
airways narrow, and mucous can plug the airways
-alveoli is damaged and the fibroses and alveolar macrophage
function diminishes
-pt more susceptible to respiratory infections
◉ Emphysema background. Answer: -abnormal distention of air
spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles with destruction of the
walls of alveoli (shown with wheezing)
,-mainly caused from smoking and infection
-can lead to hypoxemia
-can lead to increased pulmonary artery pressure and can cause
right sided heart failure
◉ clinical manifestation of chronic bronchitis. Answer: -sputum
production
-cough
-dyspnea
-"barrel chest"
-weight loss result to dyspnea
-fatigue
-crackles in lungs
-peripheral edema-ankles-(right HF)
◉ Complications of COPD. Answer: -acute respiratory
failure/insufficiency
-pulmonary hypertension
-pneumonia
-chronic atelectasis
-pneumothorax
,-cor pulmonale (can be caused by the low o2 in the vessels from the
COPD. this causes strain from the pulmonary HTN on R V and cause
HF)
◉ Diagnostic test/ Assessment COPD. Answer: -PFT
-spirometry
-ABGs (not enough to diagnosis COPD)
-chest x-ray
-hx and physical exam
-6 minute walk test
-serum x1-antitrypsin levels
◉ Medical management of COPD. Answer: -smoking cessation
-drug therapy
-provide o2 therapy/breathing exercises
-bronchodilators prior to meals
-low carb (takes co2 to break it down), high protein, high cal
-pneumococcal vaccine
-flu vaccine
-pulmonary rehabilitation
-good nutritional
, ◉ medications for COPD. Answer: -bronchodilators, MDIs(mulit-
dose inhaler)(beta-adrenergic agonists, muscarinic atagonists/
anticholinergics, combination agents),
-corticosteroids,
-antibiotics,
-mucolytics,
-antitussives
◉ OSA manifestations. Answer: -arousal during sleep
-insomnia
-excessive daytime sleepiness
-witnessed apnea episodes
-loud snoring with periods of no breathing for 10 seconds or longer
for at least 5 times per hour
-hard time to complete task
-interpersonal hardship
-impaired memory
3S
-Snoring , sleeplessness, and significant other reports of apneic
periods
