Bio 255 Practice Study Guide Exam 1 2026

Bio 255 Practice Study Guide Exam 1 2026 Name the structure and whether it contains oxygenated or deoxygenated blood - Correct Ans-right atrium; deoxygenated Name the structure - Correct Ans-aortic semilunar valve Oxygen is carried by _______ cells. it binds to proteins called ______ that contain iron - Correct Ans-erythrocytes; hemoglobin Of the formed elements, which cells are responsible for immune function, clotting, and gas transfer-in that order? - Correct Ans-leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes What are the major functions of blood? (you must name 3) - Correct Ans-1) plays a role in immune function 2) temp regulation 3) pH regulation 4) gas/nutrients/ waste transport 5) regulates water loss a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml/beat, a heart rate of 70 beats/min, a mean arterial pressure of 100, systolic BP of 95 and diastolic BP of 60. calculate output of this patient - Correct Ans-CO=SVxHR=70ml/beat/min=4900ml/min=4.9L/min Which ions mediate the upstroke, plateau, and downstroke of a cardiac action potential. indicate the contraction phase that correlates to these events - Correct Ans upstroke=sodium; depolarization plateau=calcium; contraction downstroke=potassium; relaxation What are the three layers of the heart? - Correct Ans-epicardium, myocardium, endocardium What is the fluid filled sac called that surrounds the heart? - correct ans-pericardium When red blood cells get broken down, the iron molecule is transferred from the macrophage to the liver with which transfer protein? - Correct Ans-transferrin Which wave indicates atrial depolarization? - Correct Ans-P wave What makes up this component of whole blood? - Correct Ans-serum, water, plasma proteins, nutrients, dissolved gases and electrolytes BIO 255 BIO 255 What type of white blood cell is displayed in this image - Correct Ans-eosinophils Where does the breakdown of red blood cells start? - Correct Ans-in a macrophage What is the process of emigration/extravasation and what subtype of WBC's most commonly conduct it - Correct Ans-WBCs leaving vessels and migrating to external infections- neutrophils and monocytes What classifies an individual as anemic? - Correct Ans-they have reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood List the physical characteristics of cardiac muscle cells - Correct Ans-intercalated discs, nuclei, striations, gap junctions What is the driver of the heart conduction system? and what happens if it fails? - Correct Ans-the SA(sinoatrial node)-and if it fails the AV node takes over When valves close, what type of wave is observed on a pressure chart? - Correct Ans the dicrotic wave What are 3 'systems' of blood circulation that we discussed in class? - Correct Ans pulmonary system systemic system coronary system During ventricular systole, what is happening to the blood volume within the ventricle? - Correct Ans-first, there is no change-once pressure is great enough and the semilunar valves one, volume drops What 3 veins empty into the right atrium - Correct Ans-superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus An individual has an increase in afterload, what effect would this have on MAP - Correct Ans-an increase in afterload=decrease in SV=decrease in CO=decrease in MAP What are two unique structures the fetus heart has and not the adult heart? - correct ans-foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? - Correct Ans-left ventricle During the cardiac cycle, the heart experiences two isovolumetric states- when do these occur? - Correct Ans-the beginning of ventricular systole and beginning of ventricular diastole during ventricular systole, what happens to the pressure within the ventricles? - Correct Ans-it increases BIO 255 Where do heart sounds come from? - Correct Ans-closing of valves Where is the atrial repolarization located on an EKG - Correct Ans-it is masked by the QRS complex What chambers are contracting to cause the p-wave on an EKG - Correct Ans-the left and right atria What are the 5 structures of the cardiac conductive tissue? - Correct Ans-1) SA node 2) AV node 3) bundle of his 4) left and right bundle branches 5) purkinji fibers the process of creating new red blood cells is called? - Correct Ans-erythropoiesis BIO 255