Bio 201 Exam #1 questions and answers
Graded A+
What is filtration?
Filtration is a passive transport process that uses hydrostatic pressure (fluid
pressure) to force water and small solute molecules through a membrane or
capillary wall
A hypotonic solution would cause a cell to
Swell and potentially burst
A hypertonic solution would cause a cell to
Shrink or shrive
An isotonic solution would cause a cell to
Remain the same size
Major structural component of the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipids are used so extensively because
They are amphipathic, meaning they contain both hydrophilic heads and
hydrophobic tails
Receptors in the membrane
Their role is to receive chemical signals from outside the cell and trigger a specific
internal response.
First and Second Messengers in the membrane
-First messenger is the external signaling molecule (binds to receptor).
-Second messenger carries the signal to the cell's internal machinery to produce a
response, since it can reach the
plasma membrane.
What is the general formula for a carbohydrate?
, CH2O
Two main shapes of fatty acids? What are they named?
-Saturated Fatty Acids: These have a straight shape because they contain only
single bonds between carbon atoms, allowing the molecules to pack tightly
together.
-Unsaturated Fatty Acids: These have a bent shape because they contain one or
more double bonds in their carbon chain, which prevents them from packing
tightly.
Amino acids have how many attachments to the central carbon? What makes
each amino acid different?
-Amino acids have four attachments to the central carbon atom.
-The R-group (also known as the side chain) is the specific attachment that makes
each of the 20 amino acids different from one another.
Name all the functions of proteins
-Membrane transport
-Catalysis
-Recognition and protection
-Structure
-Communication
-Movement
-Cell adhesion
Name the three parts of nucleotides
1. A five-carbon sugar
2. A phosphate group
3. A nitrogenous base
How do enzymes work?
Lowers activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
What happens at the active site?
Graded A+
What is filtration?
Filtration is a passive transport process that uses hydrostatic pressure (fluid
pressure) to force water and small solute molecules through a membrane or
capillary wall
A hypotonic solution would cause a cell to
Swell and potentially burst
A hypertonic solution would cause a cell to
Shrink or shrive
An isotonic solution would cause a cell to
Remain the same size
Major structural component of the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipids are used so extensively because
They are amphipathic, meaning they contain both hydrophilic heads and
hydrophobic tails
Receptors in the membrane
Their role is to receive chemical signals from outside the cell and trigger a specific
internal response.
First and Second Messengers in the membrane
-First messenger is the external signaling molecule (binds to receptor).
-Second messenger carries the signal to the cell's internal machinery to produce a
response, since it can reach the
plasma membrane.
What is the general formula for a carbohydrate?
, CH2O
Two main shapes of fatty acids? What are they named?
-Saturated Fatty Acids: These have a straight shape because they contain only
single bonds between carbon atoms, allowing the molecules to pack tightly
together.
-Unsaturated Fatty Acids: These have a bent shape because they contain one or
more double bonds in their carbon chain, which prevents them from packing
tightly.
Amino acids have how many attachments to the central carbon? What makes
each amino acid different?
-Amino acids have four attachments to the central carbon atom.
-The R-group (also known as the side chain) is the specific attachment that makes
each of the 20 amino acids different from one another.
Name all the functions of proteins
-Membrane transport
-Catalysis
-Recognition and protection
-Structure
-Communication
-Movement
-Cell adhesion
Name the three parts of nucleotides
1. A five-carbon sugar
2. A phosphate group
3. A nitrogenous base
How do enzymes work?
Lowers activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
What happens at the active site?
