PATH 1000 CERTIFICATION PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
● What are the four ways cells adapt to their environment?. Answer: 1.
atrophy
2. hypertrophy
3. hyperplasia
4. metaplasia
● What is cellular atrophy?. Answer: Decrease in cellular size and
functional components
ex. aging, early development(thymus gland)
● What is cellular hypertrophy?. Answer: The increase in the size of a
cell in response to mechanical stimuli.
ex. weightlifters
● What is cellular hyperplasia?. Answer: The increase in the number of
cells due to increased cellular division.
(response to injury)
, ● What is compensatory hyperplasia?. Answer: An adaptive mechanism
that enables certain organs to regenerate.
● What is hormonal hyperplasia?. Answer: Enlargement of estrogen
dependent organs such as the breasts and uterus.
ex. endometrium grows and thickens in preparation of ovum.
● What is cellular metaplasia?. Answer: Reversible replacement of one
mature cell type by another less mature cell type.
ex. smoking causes changes to lung cells.
● What is cellular dysplasia?. Answer: Abnormal changes in the size
shape and organization of mature cells.
(not considered a true adaptive process)
● Is dysplasia the same thing as caner?. Answer: Although dysplasia
functions similar to cancer and is often located next to cancerous
growths it doesn't indicate cancer and may never progress to it.
● What are the five progressive changes of a cell?. Answer: -atrophy
-hypertrophy
FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
● What are the four ways cells adapt to their environment?. Answer: 1.
atrophy
2. hypertrophy
3. hyperplasia
4. metaplasia
● What is cellular atrophy?. Answer: Decrease in cellular size and
functional components
ex. aging, early development(thymus gland)
● What is cellular hypertrophy?. Answer: The increase in the size of a
cell in response to mechanical stimuli.
ex. weightlifters
● What is cellular hyperplasia?. Answer: The increase in the number of
cells due to increased cellular division.
(response to injury)
, ● What is compensatory hyperplasia?. Answer: An adaptive mechanism
that enables certain organs to regenerate.
● What is hormonal hyperplasia?. Answer: Enlargement of estrogen
dependent organs such as the breasts and uterus.
ex. endometrium grows and thickens in preparation of ovum.
● What is cellular metaplasia?. Answer: Reversible replacement of one
mature cell type by another less mature cell type.
ex. smoking causes changes to lung cells.
● What is cellular dysplasia?. Answer: Abnormal changes in the size
shape and organization of mature cells.
(not considered a true adaptive process)
● Is dysplasia the same thing as caner?. Answer: Although dysplasia
functions similar to cancer and is often located next to cancerous
growths it doesn't indicate cancer and may never progress to it.
● What are the five progressive changes of a cell?. Answer: -atrophy
-hypertrophy
