NR 324 EXAM 1 | 2026 UPDATE | 100% CORRECT
Causes of respiratory acidosis Answer - Hypoventilation, bradypnea, low RR
Causes of respiratory alkalosis Answer - Hyperventilation, tachypnea, high RR
Causes of metabolic acidosis Answer - Diarrhea
Causes of metabolic alkalosis Answer - Nausea, vomiting
Isotonic Solutions Answer - 1/2 NS
Hyperkalemia Answer - > 5.0 THINK CARDIAC
Cause: Renal compromised, PTH abnormalities
S/S: Arrythmias, palpations, parasthesias (numbness & tingling)
Interventions: EKG, widening QRS, do not feed potassium
Hypokalemia Answer - < 3.5 CARDIAC
Cause: Low excretion by kidneys
S/S: Parasthesias, arrythmias
Interventions: EKG
Hypernatremia Answer - > 145 NEURO
, Treat the underlying cause
S/S: Skin flushed, agitation, low grade fever, THIRST
Interventions: Check neuro status, low sodium diet
Hyponatremia Answer - < 135 NEURO
S/S: Lethargy, CONFUSION, irritability, HA, seizure, coma
NEVER GIVE A CARDIAC PT SODIUM NO MATTER WHAT
Hypercalcemia Answer - > 10.2 BONES, CARDIAC, NERVE IMPULSES, BLOOD
CLOTTING
S/S: Depressed reflexes
Interventions: Increase fluids, loop diuretics,
Hypocalcemia Answer - < 8.6 BONES, CARDIAC
S/S: Hyperactive reflexes, Chvostek's & Trousseau's
Interventions: Check reflexes, replace Ca
Hypermagnesia Answer - > 2.5
S/S: Lethargy, N/V, drowsiness, depression
Hypomagnesia Answer - < 1.5
S/S: Tremors, confusion, hyperactive DTR, irritability
Fluid volume deficit Answer - Check pt - can lead to decrease in cerebral
perfusion
Monitor NEURO.
Replace fluid volume
Causes of respiratory acidosis Answer - Hypoventilation, bradypnea, low RR
Causes of respiratory alkalosis Answer - Hyperventilation, tachypnea, high RR
Causes of metabolic acidosis Answer - Diarrhea
Causes of metabolic alkalosis Answer - Nausea, vomiting
Isotonic Solutions Answer - 1/2 NS
Hyperkalemia Answer - > 5.0 THINK CARDIAC
Cause: Renal compromised, PTH abnormalities
S/S: Arrythmias, palpations, parasthesias (numbness & tingling)
Interventions: EKG, widening QRS, do not feed potassium
Hypokalemia Answer - < 3.5 CARDIAC
Cause: Low excretion by kidneys
S/S: Parasthesias, arrythmias
Interventions: EKG
Hypernatremia Answer - > 145 NEURO
, Treat the underlying cause
S/S: Skin flushed, agitation, low grade fever, THIRST
Interventions: Check neuro status, low sodium diet
Hyponatremia Answer - < 135 NEURO
S/S: Lethargy, CONFUSION, irritability, HA, seizure, coma
NEVER GIVE A CARDIAC PT SODIUM NO MATTER WHAT
Hypercalcemia Answer - > 10.2 BONES, CARDIAC, NERVE IMPULSES, BLOOD
CLOTTING
S/S: Depressed reflexes
Interventions: Increase fluids, loop diuretics,
Hypocalcemia Answer - < 8.6 BONES, CARDIAC
S/S: Hyperactive reflexes, Chvostek's & Trousseau's
Interventions: Check reflexes, replace Ca
Hypermagnesia Answer - > 2.5
S/S: Lethargy, N/V, drowsiness, depression
Hypomagnesia Answer - < 1.5
S/S: Tremors, confusion, hyperactive DTR, irritability
Fluid volume deficit Answer - Check pt - can lead to decrease in cerebral
perfusion
Monitor NEURO.
Replace fluid volume
