Microbiology Fundamentals - A Clinical Approach - Chapter 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6sbgs
1. Actin: Protein component of long filaments of protein arranged under the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria;
contributes to cell shape and division.
2. Cell Membrane: A thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of
materials into and out of the cell pool.
3. Cell Wall: In bacteria, a rigid structure made of peptidoglycan that lies just outside the cytoplasmic membrane;
eukaryotes also have a cell wall but may be composed of a variety of materials.
4. Chemotaxis: The tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward an attractant or
to avoid adverse stimuli).
5. Conjugation: In bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic
material such as plasmids. Can involve special (sex) pili. Also a form of sexual recombination in ciliated protozoa.
6. Cytoplasm: Dense fluid encased by the cytoplasmic membrane; the site of many of the cell's biochemical and
synthetic activities.
7. Endospore: A small, dormant, resistant derivative of a bacterial cell that germinates under favorable growth
conditions into a vegetative cell. The bacterial genera Bacillus and Clostridium are typical endospore formers.
8. Endotoxin: A bacterial toxin that is not ordinarily released (as is exotoxin). Endotoxin is composed of a
phospholipid-polysaccharide complex that is an integral part of gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Endotoxins can cause
severe shock and fever.
9. Fimbriae: Fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other cells and surfaces.
10. Firmicutes: Taxonomic categary of bacteria that have gram-positive cell envelopes.
11. Flagellum: A structure that is used to propel the organism through a fluid environment.
12. Germination: The endospore swells and releases vegetative cell. (In the sporulation cycle)
13. Glycocalyx: A filamentous network of carbohydrate-rich molecules that coats cells.
14. Gracilicutes: Taxonomic category of bacteria that have gram-negative envelopes.
15. Gram Negative Cell Wall: A category of bacterial cells that describes bacteria with an outer membrane,
a cytoplasmic membrane, and a thin cell wall.
16. Gram Positive Cell Wall: A category of bacterial cells that describes bacteria with a thick cell wall and no
outer membrane.
17. Lophotrichous: Describing bacteria having a tuft of flagella at one or both poles.
18. Monotrichous: Describing a microorganism that bears a single flagellum.
19. Peritrichous: In bacterial morphology, having flagella distributed over the entire cell.
20. Pilus: Long, tubular structures made of pilin protein produced by gram-negative bacteria and used for conju-
gation.
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h6sbgs
1. Actin: Protein component of long filaments of protein arranged under the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria;
contributes to cell shape and division.
2. Cell Membrane: A thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of
materials into and out of the cell pool.
3. Cell Wall: In bacteria, a rigid structure made of peptidoglycan that lies just outside the cytoplasmic membrane;
eukaryotes also have a cell wall but may be composed of a variety of materials.
4. Chemotaxis: The tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward an attractant or
to avoid adverse stimuli).
5. Conjugation: In bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic
material such as plasmids. Can involve special (sex) pili. Also a form of sexual recombination in ciliated protozoa.
6. Cytoplasm: Dense fluid encased by the cytoplasmic membrane; the site of many of the cell's biochemical and
synthetic activities.
7. Endospore: A small, dormant, resistant derivative of a bacterial cell that germinates under favorable growth
conditions into a vegetative cell. The bacterial genera Bacillus and Clostridium are typical endospore formers.
8. Endotoxin: A bacterial toxin that is not ordinarily released (as is exotoxin). Endotoxin is composed of a
phospholipid-polysaccharide complex that is an integral part of gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Endotoxins can cause
severe shock and fever.
9. Fimbriae: Fine, hairlike bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other cells and surfaces.
10. Firmicutes: Taxonomic categary of bacteria that have gram-positive cell envelopes.
11. Flagellum: A structure that is used to propel the organism through a fluid environment.
12. Germination: The endospore swells and releases vegetative cell. (In the sporulation cycle)
13. Glycocalyx: A filamentous network of carbohydrate-rich molecules that coats cells.
14. Gracilicutes: Taxonomic category of bacteria that have gram-negative envelopes.
15. Gram Negative Cell Wall: A category of bacterial cells that describes bacteria with an outer membrane,
a cytoplasmic membrane, and a thin cell wall.
16. Gram Positive Cell Wall: A category of bacterial cells that describes bacteria with a thick cell wall and no
outer membrane.
17. Lophotrichous: Describing bacteria having a tuft of flagella at one or both poles.
18. Monotrichous: Describing a microorganism that bears a single flagellum.
19. Peritrichous: In bacterial morphology, having flagella distributed over the entire cell.
20. Pilus: Long, tubular structures made of pilin protein produced by gram-negative bacteria and used for conju-
gation.
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