Microbiology Exam 4|Metabolism, Catabolism, Anabolism, ATP, Metabolic
Pathways, Enzymes, Apoenzyme, Cofactor, Holoenzyme, Collision Theory,
Activation Energy, Competitive Inhibition, Noncompetitive Inhibition, Feedback
Inhibition, Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Fermentation,
Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Photoautotroph,
Chemoheterotroph, Microbial Growth, Lag Phase, Log Phase, Stationary Phase,
Death Phase, Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Halophiles, Biofilms, Selective Media,
Differential Media Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
What is metabolism?
The sum of the chemical reactions, including buildup and breakdown of nutrients in an organism
What is catabolism?
Provides energy and building blocks for anabolism.
What is anabolism?
Uses energy and building blocks to build large molecules
What type of reactions build ATP molecules?
Catabolic reaction
What type of reactions break ATP molecules?
Anabolic reaction
,What are metabolic pathways?
a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell
Why are enzymes important in metabolic pathways?
Metabolic pathways are determined by enzymes
Enzymes are encoded by genes
Enzymes are encoded by _________.
genes
What is the collision theory?
states that chemical reactions can occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide
What is activation energy?
needed to disrupt electronic configurations
What is the reaction rate?
The frequency of collisions with enough energy to bring about a reaction.
Reaction rate can be increased by enzymes or by increasing temperature or pressure
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are biological catalysts.
,Enzymes act on a specific substrate and lower the activation energy.
What is an apoenzyme?
The protein portion of an enzyme.
What is an cofactor?
The nonprotein portion of an enzyme.
What holoenzyme?
Apoenzyme plus cofactor = whole enzyme
What suffix is often used for enzymes?
-ase
What are four important enzymes?
NAD+
NADP+
FAD
Coenzyme A
Oxidoreductase
Oxidation-reduction reactions
, Transferase
Transfer functional groups
Hydrolase
Hydrolysis
Lyase
Removal of atoms without hydrolysis
Isomerase
Rearrangement of atoms
Ligase
Joining of molecules, uses ATP
What factors can influence the activity of enzymes?
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Inhibitors:
- Inhibitors that prevent enzymes from functioning
- Control of enzymes of bacteria by inhibitors will control growth of bacteria
Pathways, Enzymes, Apoenzyme, Cofactor, Holoenzyme, Collision Theory,
Activation Energy, Competitive Inhibition, Noncompetitive Inhibition, Feedback
Inhibition, Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Fermentation,
Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Photoautotroph,
Chemoheterotroph, Microbial Growth, Lag Phase, Log Phase, Stationary Phase,
Death Phase, Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Halophiles, Biofilms, Selective Media,
Differential Media Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+
Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
What is metabolism?
The sum of the chemical reactions, including buildup and breakdown of nutrients in an organism
What is catabolism?
Provides energy and building blocks for anabolism.
What is anabolism?
Uses energy and building blocks to build large molecules
What type of reactions build ATP molecules?
Catabolic reaction
What type of reactions break ATP molecules?
Anabolic reaction
,What are metabolic pathways?
a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell
Why are enzymes important in metabolic pathways?
Metabolic pathways are determined by enzymes
Enzymes are encoded by genes
Enzymes are encoded by _________.
genes
What is the collision theory?
states that chemical reactions can occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide
What is activation energy?
needed to disrupt electronic configurations
What is the reaction rate?
The frequency of collisions with enough energy to bring about a reaction.
Reaction rate can be increased by enzymes or by increasing temperature or pressure
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are biological catalysts.
,Enzymes act on a specific substrate and lower the activation energy.
What is an apoenzyme?
The protein portion of an enzyme.
What is an cofactor?
The nonprotein portion of an enzyme.
What holoenzyme?
Apoenzyme plus cofactor = whole enzyme
What suffix is often used for enzymes?
-ase
What are four important enzymes?
NAD+
NADP+
FAD
Coenzyme A
Oxidoreductase
Oxidation-reduction reactions
, Transferase
Transfer functional groups
Hydrolase
Hydrolysis
Lyase
Removal of atoms without hydrolysis
Isomerase
Rearrangement of atoms
Ligase
Joining of molecules, uses ATP
What factors can influence the activity of enzymes?
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Inhibitors:
- Inhibitors that prevent enzymes from functioning
- Control of enzymes of bacteria by inhibitors will control growth of bacteria
