Nursing 155 Fundamentals of Nutrition (NURS-155) – 70 Exam Questions on Vitamins, Electrolytes, BMI & Fluid Balance – Galen College of Nursing

This document contains 70 exam-style questions and study notes with verified answers designed to help students prepare for NURS-155 Test 2: Nutrition and Fluid & Electrolytes at Galen College of Nursing. The material focuses on essential nutrition concepts, vitamin classifications, mineral functions, electrolyte balance, and metabolic processes that are fundamental to nursing practice. The questions and notes reinforce core knowledge required for nursing fundamentals exams and early clinical coursework. The study material reviews fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, including Vitamin A, D, E, K, and the B-complex vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, and B12), along with Vitamin C. Each vitamin entry includes key functions in the body—such as vision support, calcium absorption, red blood cell protection, immune function, and cellular metabolism—as well as common dietary sources like leafy vegetables, fish, dairy products, whole grains, and fruits. The document also covers essential minerals including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iodine, iron, zinc, and fluoride, highlighting their physiological roles in bone formation, cardiac function, nerve conduction, blood clotting, thyroid activity, and hemoglobin synthesis. In addition to micronutrients, the document reviews macronutrient metabolism, explaining the roles of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in energy production and tissue maintenance. It also discusses the order in which the body utilizes energy sources—carbohydrates first, followed by fats and then proteins—and explains recommended caloric intake percentages for each nutrient group. Other nutritional concepts include body mass index (BMI) calculation, basal metabolic rate (BMR), resting energy expenditure (REE), and dietary requirements across different stages of life, from infancy to older adulthood. The material also emphasizes fluid and electrolyte balance, an essential nursing topic for clinical care. Important sections cover normal laboratory values and clinical implications of sodium, potassium, and calcium imbalances, including symptoms and nursing interventions for conditions such as hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypercalcemia. Diagnostic assessments such as BMP/CMP laboratory testing, Chvostek’s sign, and Trousseau’s sign are also included to help students recognize electrolyte disturbances in clinical settings. The content aligns with concepts commonly taught in nursing fundamentals textbooks such as “Fundamentals of Nursing” by Patricia A. Potter and Anne Griffin Perry and “Nutrition for Nursing” by Susan G. Dudek, which are widely used in practical nursing and associate degree nursing programs. These resources emphasize nutrition assessment, electrolyte management, and metabolic health as essential competencies for safe patient care. This document is particularly useful for students studying Practical Nursing (PN/LPN), Associate Degree Nursing (ADN), Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), Fundamentals of Nursing, Nutrition for Nurses, and Pathophysiology courses. It may also benefit learners preparing for unit exams, nursing fundamentals assessments, HESI nursing exams, and early NCLEX-RN or NCLEX-PN preparation. Additionally, the material supports healthcare trainees reviewing clinical nutrition principles, electrolyte balance, and metabolic physiology in patient care settings. Keywords: nursing nutrition exam questions, NURS 155 nutrition test study guide, Galen College nursing nutrition exam prep, vitamins and minerals nursing study notes, fluid and electrolyte balance nursing questions, sodium potassium calcium nursing review, BMI and metabolic rate nursing exam preparation, nursing nutrition fundamentals practice questions, electrolyte imbalance nursing study guide, nursing fundamentals nutrition exam preparation