NDAEB COMPREHENSIVE SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ What are the two main sources of pulpal nerve damage. Answer:
Physical irritation: mild tooth sensitivity to complete nerve death of
the tooth or even infection of the surrounding tissues by bacteria.
Trauma: such as a blow to a tooth or the jaw.
◉ What are the most common symptoms and signs of pulpal nerve
damage. Answer: pain when occluding
pain during eating
sensitivity to hot or cold beverages
noticeable facial swelling
fever
tenderness of the surrounding gums
cracked or discolour teeth
◉ What 5 radiographs are needed for diagnosis and completion of
endodontic treatment?. Answer: 1. Initial: before treatment.
2. Working length: taken once the pulp has been opened, used to
determine the length of the canal.
3. Final Instrumentation: taken with final size files in all canals
receiving treatment.
,4. Root canal completion image: taken of the completed canal filled
after tooth has been temporized and dental dam removed.
5. Recall image: taken at posttreatment evaluations.
◉ What two types of pulpitis are there?. Answer: Reversible Pulpitis:
eliminating irritant and placing sedative may save the pulp.
Irreversible Pulpitis: linger pain, pulp is incapable of healing RCT or
Exo only options.
◉ What is indirect and direct pulp capping?. Answer: Indirect Pulp
Capping- temporary, most carious dentin is not removed. A liner and
temporary resto are placed. The goal is for more dentin to
regenerate under where the carious dentin is left so that it can be
removed and pulp exposure avoided.
Direct Pulp Capping- pulp has been partially exposed, calcium
hydroxide is placed to allow healing.
◉ What is a pulpotomy?. Answer: Removal of the coronal portion of
an exposed vital pulp.
◉ What is a pulpectomy?. Answer: Root Canal. Complete removal of
the dental pulp.
◉ How to pluggers and spreaders differentiate?. Answer: Pluggers-
flat tipped to condense.
, Spreader- pointed tip to spread.
◉ What is a K-Type File used for?. Answer: Initial debridement of the
canal and during later stages of shaping and contouring.
◉ What is the Hedstrom File used for?. Answer: Greater cutting
efficiency. May be used for final enlargement of canals.
◉ What is a Reamer File used for?. Answer: Removal of dentin
structure and to smooth and increase size of canal.
◉ What are Broaches used for?. Answer: Removal of vital, inflamed
hemorrhagic pulp tissue from the canal.
◉ What are Gates-Glidden Burs used for?. Answer: Enlarge walls of
the pulp chamber.
◉ What are Pesso Files used for?. Answer: Enlarge walls of pulp
chamber.
◉ What irrigation solutions are used in endo?. Answer: Sodium
Hypochlorite (household bleach): Antimicrobial agent that has a
solvent action on necrotic pulp tissue and organic debris.
Hydrogen Peroxide
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ What are the two main sources of pulpal nerve damage. Answer:
Physical irritation: mild tooth sensitivity to complete nerve death of
the tooth or even infection of the surrounding tissues by bacteria.
Trauma: such as a blow to a tooth or the jaw.
◉ What are the most common symptoms and signs of pulpal nerve
damage. Answer: pain when occluding
pain during eating
sensitivity to hot or cold beverages
noticeable facial swelling
fever
tenderness of the surrounding gums
cracked or discolour teeth
◉ What 5 radiographs are needed for diagnosis and completion of
endodontic treatment?. Answer: 1. Initial: before treatment.
2. Working length: taken once the pulp has been opened, used to
determine the length of the canal.
3. Final Instrumentation: taken with final size files in all canals
receiving treatment.
,4. Root canal completion image: taken of the completed canal filled
after tooth has been temporized and dental dam removed.
5. Recall image: taken at posttreatment evaluations.
◉ What two types of pulpitis are there?. Answer: Reversible Pulpitis:
eliminating irritant and placing sedative may save the pulp.
Irreversible Pulpitis: linger pain, pulp is incapable of healing RCT or
Exo only options.
◉ What is indirect and direct pulp capping?. Answer: Indirect Pulp
Capping- temporary, most carious dentin is not removed. A liner and
temporary resto are placed. The goal is for more dentin to
regenerate under where the carious dentin is left so that it can be
removed and pulp exposure avoided.
Direct Pulp Capping- pulp has been partially exposed, calcium
hydroxide is placed to allow healing.
◉ What is a pulpotomy?. Answer: Removal of the coronal portion of
an exposed vital pulp.
◉ What is a pulpectomy?. Answer: Root Canal. Complete removal of
the dental pulp.
◉ How to pluggers and spreaders differentiate?. Answer: Pluggers-
flat tipped to condense.
, Spreader- pointed tip to spread.
◉ What is a K-Type File used for?. Answer: Initial debridement of the
canal and during later stages of shaping and contouring.
◉ What is the Hedstrom File used for?. Answer: Greater cutting
efficiency. May be used for final enlargement of canals.
◉ What is a Reamer File used for?. Answer: Removal of dentin
structure and to smooth and increase size of canal.
◉ What are Broaches used for?. Answer: Removal of vital, inflamed
hemorrhagic pulp tissue from the canal.
◉ What are Gates-Glidden Burs used for?. Answer: Enlarge walls of
the pulp chamber.
◉ What are Pesso Files used for?. Answer: Enlarge walls of pulp
chamber.
◉ What irrigation solutions are used in endo?. Answer: Sodium
Hypochlorite (household bleach): Antimicrobial agent that has a
solvent action on necrotic pulp tissue and organic debris.
Hydrogen Peroxide
