1
SOLUTION MANUAL
All Chapters Included
elitedocs
elitedocs elitedocs
, 2
American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change
12thEditionbyCalJillson, AllChapters1-16
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
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7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers
Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First
Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
elitedocs elitedocs
, 3
Chapter 1
THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PRINCIPLES
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Q1 What are the broad purposes of government?
A1 The ancients believed the role of government and politics was to
foster human excellence. However, it is imperative to remember
that the Greeks and Romans believed the virtuous should rule
according to natural law. Furthermore, valuesof equality and order
would be served through a society based upon the rule oflaw to
provide for the common good. In the Middle Ages, government was
largely used to facilitate religion and maintained the need for the
individual to live a proper life in the service of God. The role of
government changed in the early sixteenth century by downplaying
the role of religion while alternatively promoting the role of
elitedocs
limited government to protect private property and individual
rights.
Q2 How should government be designed to achieve its purposes?
A2 According to Plato the philosopher-king’s wisdom and intellect
would promote order, stability and justice. Yet, Aristotle takes a
more realistic view of Athenian society by advocating the best form
of government as a polity, which combined oligarchic and
democratic elements to produce political stability. The Romans
combined monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic principles as a
mixed government within representative bodies like the Senate and
the Assembly in order to champion the causes of both the rich and
the poor. Government in theMiddle Ages was determined through
divine right, whereby a monarch or Pope was ordained by God to
rule. Hence, wisdom and virtue rested within these few individuals
who governed to promote religious life and protect the religious
establishment. The Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and
Enlightenment Periods shifted the role of government from
upholding religious doctrine to secular concerns, such as protecting
inalienable rights, including private property, and promoting
commerce. In turn, Enlightenment political
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
elitedocs elitedocs
, 4
philosophers largely appealed to individualism and not religious
hierarchy as ameans to provide order and stability in which
individuals could flourish.
Q3 What lessons about government did colonial Americans draw from the
history ofancient Greece and Rome?
A3 Plato was suspicious of democracy’s rule of the many because good
government would decay into mob rule. Hence, the passions of the
masses needed to be quelled by more aristocratic elements. With
this problem in mind, the Framers ofthe U.S. Constitution
referenced the institutional design of the Roman republic adhered to
the tradition of mixed government initially expounded by Aristotle
and the Romans. This was maintained in the indirect selection of
both the Senateand the presidency within the Constitution. Aristotle
also advocated mixing aristocratic and democratic elements in a
governing structure called a polity. In effect, this governmental
elitedocs
design allowed the few and the many to participate in the politics
providing an orderly society where the poor should be able to select
government officials who were held accountable. This was also made
manifest inthe Constitution with its aristocratic-like Senate and the
more democratic House of Representatives. Thus the American
republic’s Constitution established institutional powers to govern
according to the rule of law. While the Framers rejected the
religious hierarchy of the Middle Ages, they appealed to inalienable
rights endowed upon every individual by God, per the writings of
John Locke, in which a just government and society could not be
impeded.
Q4 What circumstances led Europeans to leave their homelands to settle in
America?
A4 Individuals immigrated to the colonies to escape religious
persecution and civil unrest after the English Civil War and to
pursue social and economic opportunities. Colonists enjoyed a vast
array of natural resources and a large geographical area where
freedom of religion and economic opportunity flourished. Also, their
heterogeneous social composition as well as continual promotion of
ideals, such as equality and tolerance, tended to promote political
freedom at the same time that social expansion of the population
was occurring.
Q5 What did democracy mean to our colonial ancestors, and did they
approve it?
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
elitedocs elitedocs
SOLUTION MANUAL
All Chapters Included
elitedocs
elitedocs elitedocs
, 2
American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change
12thEditionbyCalJillson, AllChapters1-16
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles
2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution
3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development
4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion
5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence
elitedocs
7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern
8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock
10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers
Regime
11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First
Century
12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint
13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America
14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide
15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy
16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century
elitedocs elitedocs
, 3
Chapter 1
THE ORIGINS OF AMERICAN POLITICAL PRINCIPLES
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Q1 What are the broad purposes of government?
A1 The ancients believed the role of government and politics was to
foster human excellence. However, it is imperative to remember
that the Greeks and Romans believed the virtuous should rule
according to natural law. Furthermore, valuesof equality and order
would be served through a society based upon the rule oflaw to
provide for the common good. In the Middle Ages, government was
largely used to facilitate religion and maintained the need for the
individual to live a proper life in the service of God. The role of
government changed in the early sixteenth century by downplaying
the role of religion while alternatively promoting the role of
elitedocs
limited government to protect private property and individual
rights.
Q2 How should government be designed to achieve its purposes?
A2 According to Plato the philosopher-king’s wisdom and intellect
would promote order, stability and justice. Yet, Aristotle takes a
more realistic view of Athenian society by advocating the best form
of government as a polity, which combined oligarchic and
democratic elements to produce political stability. The Romans
combined monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic principles as a
mixed government within representative bodies like the Senate and
the Assembly in order to champion the causes of both the rich and
the poor. Government in theMiddle Ages was determined through
divine right, whereby a monarch or Pope was ordained by God to
rule. Hence, wisdom and virtue rested within these few individuals
who governed to promote religious life and protect the religious
establishment. The Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and
Enlightenment Periods shifted the role of government from
upholding religious doctrine to secular concerns, such as protecting
inalienable rights, including private property, and promoting
commerce. In turn, Enlightenment political
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
elitedocs elitedocs
, 4
philosophers largely appealed to individualism and not religious
hierarchy as ameans to provide order and stability in which
individuals could flourish.
Q3 What lessons about government did colonial Americans draw from the
history ofancient Greece and Rome?
A3 Plato was suspicious of democracy’s rule of the many because good
government would decay into mob rule. Hence, the passions of the
masses needed to be quelled by more aristocratic elements. With
this problem in mind, the Framers ofthe U.S. Constitution
referenced the institutional design of the Roman republic adhered to
the tradition of mixed government initially expounded by Aristotle
and the Romans. This was maintained in the indirect selection of
both the Senateand the presidency within the Constitution. Aristotle
also advocated mixing aristocratic and democratic elements in a
governing structure called a polity. In effect, this governmental
elitedocs
design allowed the few and the many to participate in the politics
providing an orderly society where the poor should be able to select
government officials who were held accountable. This was also made
manifest inthe Constitution with its aristocratic-like Senate and the
more democratic House of Representatives. Thus the American
republic’s Constitution established institutional powers to govern
according to the rule of law. While the Framers rejected the
religious hierarchy of the Middle Ages, they appealed to inalienable
rights endowed upon every individual by God, per the writings of
John Locke, in which a just government and society could not be
impeded.
Q4 What circumstances led Europeans to leave their homelands to settle in
America?
A4 Individuals immigrated to the colonies to escape religious
persecution and civil unrest after the English Civil War and to
pursue social and economic opportunities. Colonists enjoyed a vast
array of natural resources and a large geographical area where
freedom of religion and economic opportunity flourished. Also, their
heterogeneous social composition as well as continual promotion of
ideals, such as equality and tolerance, tended to promote political
freedom at the same time that social expansion of the population
was occurring.
Q5 What did democracy mean to our colonial ancestors, and did they
approve it?
© 2023 Taylor & Francis
elitedocs elitedocs
