BIOL 1009 EXAM 2 EXAM LATEST 2025/2026
UMN ACTUAL SPRING EXAM GRADED A
Oxygen is ___ electronegative.
VERY electronegative
NADH and FADH2 are the ___ to donate electrons.
1st to donate electrons
As electrons are transferred along the Electron Transfer Chain, protons are pumped from the
matrix to the intermediate membrane space. This process _____ energy.
This process REQUIRES energy, so is ENDERGONIC.
Protons move back into the matrix through ...?
Through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP.
Protons are positively charged so they can't...?
....They can't slip through the phospholipid bilayer.
ADP + Pi ----> ATP
Requires energy (ENDERGONIC) and DECREASES Entropy (Lots of Chemical Potential)
Cyanide binds and inhibits an enzyme in the...?
In the mitochondrial electron transport chain
Fermentation converts NADH back into ______, and regenerates so glycolysis can continue.
NADH turns back into NAD+
Cellular Respiration is a major _____ pathway.
Catabolic Pathway
glucose + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Cellular Respiration, glucose oxidized to CO2
,Photosynthesis is a major _____ pathway.
Anabolic Pathway
Photosynthesis converts light energy into...?
Into chemical energy in Carbohydrates.
CO2 + H20 + Light --> O2 + Glucose (Carbs)
Photosynthesis
Energy released by Catabolic pathways comes from the _____?
From the Sun (energy)
Photosynthesis is...?
Sunlight energy captured and converted into CO2, and H20 converted into Carbs
Photosynthesis is highly_____?
Highly ENDERGONIC
Photosynthesis has two pathways:
1. Light Reaction 2. Carbon Fixation Reaction
Light Reaction is...?
A photosynthesis pathway that converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP
and the reduces e- carrier NADPH
Chlorophyll absorb red and blue light and reflect...?
They reflect Green light (That's why plants appear to be green)
Long hydrocarbon tails anchor chlorophyll molecules to....?
To integral proteins in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.
When chlorophyll absorb light they enter an ____ state.
An EXCITED state; they have a rapid release and then return to the ground state.
The energy released by chlorophyll is absorbed by...?
, By the adjacent chlorophyll at the Reaction Center. ( Chlorophyll* + acceptor ---> Chlorophyll+
+acceptor)
Metabolic Pathways occur in...?
In the stroma and central region of chloroplasts (Calvin Cycle)
Autotrophs
Photosynthesis organisms that release energy in cellular respiration (self-feeders)
Heterotrophs
Eat plants or others for energy (Other Eaters)
When chlorophyll absorbs light, electrons are...?
Electrons are promoted to a higher energy state
Fluorescence
Electron drops back down to lower energy level; heat and fluorescence are emitted.
Resonance
Energy transferred to adjacent molecules, energy levels drop back down
Reduction and Oxidation
electron is transferred to a new molecule or compound
Photosystem II
A photosystem that contains a pair of P680 chlorophyll molecules and uses absorbed light
energy to split water into protons and oxygen and to produce ATP. Excited electrons are
donated to an ETC, producing ATP
Photosystem I
P700, makes NADPH, does not take place first; electrons are donated to an ETC, causing a
reduction of NADP+ and transformed in NADPH
P680
Reaction center chlorophyll in the photosystem II, can take O2 molecules
UMN ACTUAL SPRING EXAM GRADED A
Oxygen is ___ electronegative.
VERY electronegative
NADH and FADH2 are the ___ to donate electrons.
1st to donate electrons
As electrons are transferred along the Electron Transfer Chain, protons are pumped from the
matrix to the intermediate membrane space. This process _____ energy.
This process REQUIRES energy, so is ENDERGONIC.
Protons move back into the matrix through ...?
Through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP.
Protons are positively charged so they can't...?
....They can't slip through the phospholipid bilayer.
ADP + Pi ----> ATP
Requires energy (ENDERGONIC) and DECREASES Entropy (Lots of Chemical Potential)
Cyanide binds and inhibits an enzyme in the...?
In the mitochondrial electron transport chain
Fermentation converts NADH back into ______, and regenerates so glycolysis can continue.
NADH turns back into NAD+
Cellular Respiration is a major _____ pathway.
Catabolic Pathway
glucose + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Cellular Respiration, glucose oxidized to CO2
,Photosynthesis is a major _____ pathway.
Anabolic Pathway
Photosynthesis converts light energy into...?
Into chemical energy in Carbohydrates.
CO2 + H20 + Light --> O2 + Glucose (Carbs)
Photosynthesis
Energy released by Catabolic pathways comes from the _____?
From the Sun (energy)
Photosynthesis is...?
Sunlight energy captured and converted into CO2, and H20 converted into Carbs
Photosynthesis is highly_____?
Highly ENDERGONIC
Photosynthesis has two pathways:
1. Light Reaction 2. Carbon Fixation Reaction
Light Reaction is...?
A photosynthesis pathway that converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP
and the reduces e- carrier NADPH
Chlorophyll absorb red and blue light and reflect...?
They reflect Green light (That's why plants appear to be green)
Long hydrocarbon tails anchor chlorophyll molecules to....?
To integral proteins in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts.
When chlorophyll absorb light they enter an ____ state.
An EXCITED state; they have a rapid release and then return to the ground state.
The energy released by chlorophyll is absorbed by...?
, By the adjacent chlorophyll at the Reaction Center. ( Chlorophyll* + acceptor ---> Chlorophyll+
+acceptor)
Metabolic Pathways occur in...?
In the stroma and central region of chloroplasts (Calvin Cycle)
Autotrophs
Photosynthesis organisms that release energy in cellular respiration (self-feeders)
Heterotrophs
Eat plants or others for energy (Other Eaters)
When chlorophyll absorbs light, electrons are...?
Electrons are promoted to a higher energy state
Fluorescence
Electron drops back down to lower energy level; heat and fluorescence are emitted.
Resonance
Energy transferred to adjacent molecules, energy levels drop back down
Reduction and Oxidation
electron is transferred to a new molecule or compound
Photosystem II
A photosystem that contains a pair of P680 chlorophyll molecules and uses absorbed light
energy to split water into protons and oxygen and to produce ATP. Excited electrons are
donated to an ETC, producing ATP
Photosystem I
P700, makes NADPH, does not take place first; electrons are donated to an ETC, causing a
reduction of NADP+ and transformed in NADPH
P680
Reaction center chlorophyll in the photosystem II, can take O2 molecules
