UMN ANAT 3001 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST
2025-2026 ACTUAL SPRING EXAM GRADED
A
anatomy
the study of internal/external body structures and physical relationships
physiology
the study of how living organisms perform vital functions
proximal
term describing a body part as close to torso
distal
term describing a body part as further/more distant from the torso
endocrine system
organ system that includes cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones directly into
the body fluids to help regulate metabolic processes such as chemical reactions,
reproduction, growth and development
hormone
biochemicals secreted by a cell that affect the function of another cell
negative feedback
feedback system that controls hormone secretion, regulates amounts of hormones
available by detecting when blood levels rise above homeostasis and inhibiting hormone
production
target cell
the cell that is affected by a hormone
steroid hormones
,hormones derived from cholesterol (fat)
peptide hormones
amino acid based hormones (protein)
prostaglandins
hormone-like lipids (fat), act more locally than hormones, only have an effect on the
organ where they're produced
diabetes insipidus
disorder caused by a deficiency of ADH
pituitary dwarfism
disorder caused by a deficiency of HGH in adolescence
gigantism
disorder caused by an overproduction of HGH in adolescence
diabetes mellitus (type 1)
an autoimmune disease; disorder where the immune system attacks the cells that
synthesize insulin (juvenile)
diabetes mellitus (type 2)
disorder where body cells loose sensitivity to insulin; insulin deficiency, inhibits
conversion of glucose to glycogen
grave's disease
hyperthyroidism; disorder where the thyroid gland enlarges causing a goiter and
elevated metabolic rate
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
found in the alveoli of the lungs, lining of blood vessels; allows for rapid diffusion of
substances, filtration, osmosis
simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
found in lining of kidney tubules ad ovaries; secretes and absorbs
, simple columnar epithelial tissue
found in lining of most organs of the digestive tract; secretes digestive fluids and
absorbs nutrients from food
psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue
found in lining of respiratory system; protects, secretes, and moves mucous
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
forms epidermis, found in lining of the throat and mouth; protects, prevents water loss
and entry of chemicals or microorganisms
transitional epithelial tissue
found in inner lining of the bladder; protects, prevents contents of urinary tract from
diffusing back into internal environment
areolar connective tissue
loose connective tissue; fills space between muscles, binds skin to organs, blood vessels
nourish nearby epithelial tissue
adipose connective tissue
fat; beneath skin, between muscles, around kidneys, surface of heart, around joints,
cushions joints/organs, insulates, stores energy
dense connective tissue
connective tissue that makes up tendons and ligaments
cartilage
connective tissue found in the ends of bones, nose, fetal skeleton, rings in airway
(hyaline), external ear, parts of larynx, flexible, elastic support (elastic), meniscus of the
knee, intervertebral discs, absorbs shock (fibrocartilage)
bone
connective tissue found in bones, support, attachment for muscles, mineral storage,
protection, forms blood cells
blood
connective tissue that transports materials throughout the body, maintains homeostasis
2025-2026 ACTUAL SPRING EXAM GRADED
A
anatomy
the study of internal/external body structures and physical relationships
physiology
the study of how living organisms perform vital functions
proximal
term describing a body part as close to torso
distal
term describing a body part as further/more distant from the torso
endocrine system
organ system that includes cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones directly into
the body fluids to help regulate metabolic processes such as chemical reactions,
reproduction, growth and development
hormone
biochemicals secreted by a cell that affect the function of another cell
negative feedback
feedback system that controls hormone secretion, regulates amounts of hormones
available by detecting when blood levels rise above homeostasis and inhibiting hormone
production
target cell
the cell that is affected by a hormone
steroid hormones
,hormones derived from cholesterol (fat)
peptide hormones
amino acid based hormones (protein)
prostaglandins
hormone-like lipids (fat), act more locally than hormones, only have an effect on the
organ where they're produced
diabetes insipidus
disorder caused by a deficiency of ADH
pituitary dwarfism
disorder caused by a deficiency of HGH in adolescence
gigantism
disorder caused by an overproduction of HGH in adolescence
diabetes mellitus (type 1)
an autoimmune disease; disorder where the immune system attacks the cells that
synthesize insulin (juvenile)
diabetes mellitus (type 2)
disorder where body cells loose sensitivity to insulin; insulin deficiency, inhibits
conversion of glucose to glycogen
grave's disease
hyperthyroidism; disorder where the thyroid gland enlarges causing a goiter and
elevated metabolic rate
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
found in the alveoli of the lungs, lining of blood vessels; allows for rapid diffusion of
substances, filtration, osmosis
simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
found in lining of kidney tubules ad ovaries; secretes and absorbs
, simple columnar epithelial tissue
found in lining of most organs of the digestive tract; secretes digestive fluids and
absorbs nutrients from food
psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue
found in lining of respiratory system; protects, secretes, and moves mucous
stratified squamous epithelial tissue
forms epidermis, found in lining of the throat and mouth; protects, prevents water loss
and entry of chemicals or microorganisms
transitional epithelial tissue
found in inner lining of the bladder; protects, prevents contents of urinary tract from
diffusing back into internal environment
areolar connective tissue
loose connective tissue; fills space between muscles, binds skin to organs, blood vessels
nourish nearby epithelial tissue
adipose connective tissue
fat; beneath skin, between muscles, around kidneys, surface of heart, around joints,
cushions joints/organs, insulates, stores energy
dense connective tissue
connective tissue that makes up tendons and ligaments
cartilage
connective tissue found in the ends of bones, nose, fetal skeleton, rings in airway
(hyaline), external ear, parts of larynx, flexible, elastic support (elastic), meniscus of the
knee, intervertebral discs, absorbs shock (fibrocartilage)
bone
connective tissue found in bones, support, attachment for muscles, mineral storage,
protection, forms blood cells
blood
connective tissue that transports materials throughout the body, maintains homeostasis
