PCC Exam 2 – Interactive Questions, 2026 – Law & Ethics
Study Material
An interpretivist nurse is caring for a patient in the hospital setting. Which of the following
factors will the interpretivist consider when caring for this patient? (Select all that apply):
A. Context of care.
B. The information from the chart.
C. What the nurse personally brings to the caring encounter.
D. Information from significant others and friends.
E. The nurse's previous experiences, values, and emotions. - correct answer ✔✔ A. Context of
care.
C. What the nurse personally brings to the caring encounter.
E. The nurse's previous experiences, values, and emotions.
Rational: Interpretivist approaches situate the nurse squarely in the context of care and account
for what the nurse personally brings to the caring encounter, including previous experiences,
values, and emotions. The information from the chart and from others is gathered in the steps
of the nursing process.
A nurse wishes to obtain data about a new patient's self-esteem. To gain the clearest picture,
the nurse uses the assessment technique of (Select all that apply):
A. Completing an entire head-to-toe assessment first.
B. Conducting a structured interview with direct questions.
C. Interviewing the patient in an unstructured format.
D. Observing for relevant verbal and nonverbal clues. - correct answer ✔✔ C. Interviewing the
patient in an unstructured format.
D. Observing for relevant verbal and nonverbal clues.
,Rational:An unstructured interview format allows the nurse to establish rapport and get insight
into the patient's perspective. Combined with observation, this would yield the best
information. Observation often results in gathering a depth of data that is difficult to gain by
other methods. Combined with an unstructured interview to gain the patient's trust, this
technique would be very valuable. A head-to-toe assessment would not yield information about
self-esteem. A structured interview is often used to gather specific information, but since this
nurse has not yet had time to develop rapport, focusing questions on a sensitive issue such as
self-esteem would probably not elicit accurate information. Also, structured interviews are most
often used in emergency situations, and this does not qualify as an emergency.
A nurse is caring for a patient in a long-term care facility who has not been sleeping well. She
notes that the patient is new to the facility, has been refusing therapy, and is also not eating
well. The nurse interprets this to mean that the patient has been having trouble adjusting. The
nurse decides to meet with the patient's care team. The team decides to assess the patient's
willingness to participate in group recreational activities, the patient agrees to participate. After
1 week, the nurse reevaluates the plan of care and notes that the patient has been sleeping
much better. Which of the following terms best describe processes used in the nurse's plan?
(Select all that apply):
A. Clinical judgment.
B. Evidence-based practice.
C. The nursing process.
D. Collaborative care planning.
E. Positive reward process. - correct answer ✔✔ A. Clinical judgment.
C. The nursing process.
D. Collaborative care planning.
Rational: Clinical judgment is a reflective process by which the nurse notices, interprets,
responds, and reflects in action. The nursing process is a process by which the nurse assesses,
diagnoses, implements, and evaluates the nursing care plan. Consulting and gaining input from
the healthcare team is collaborative care planning. Evidence-based practice refers to using
interventions found in research studies. The positive reward process is not a term used in care
planning
, You are a new graduate nurse working with a nurse who has been out of school for 10 years.
The seasoned nurse states, "I don't see the difference between this clinical reasoning and the
nursing process." Which of the following statements would be an appropriate response? (Select
all that apply):
A. Clinical reasoning is limited to assessing, evaluating, and treating the nursing diagnosis.
B. Clinical reasoning involves reflecting on interventions and reevaluating the plan of care based
on the results of reflection.
C. Clinical reasoning involves assessing, diagnosing, and planning and using interventions based
on assessments.
D. Clinical reasoning is the thinking process by which a nurse reaches a clinical judgment.
E. Clinical reasoning is an iterative process of noticing, interpreting, and responding—reasoning
in transition with a fine attunement to the patient and how the patient responds to the nurse's
actions. - correct answer ✔✔ B. Clinical reasoning involves reflecting on interventions and
reevaluating the plan of care based on the results of reflection.
D. Clinical reasoning is the thinking process by which a nurse reaches a clinical judgment.
E. Clinical reasoning is an iterative process of noticing, interpreting, and responding—reasoning
in transition with a fine attunement to the patient and how the patient responds to the nurse's
actions.
rationale: Clinical reasoning is an iterative process of noticing, interpreting, and responding—
reasoning in transition with a fine attunement to the patient and how the patient responds to
the nurse's actions. The nursing process is limited to assessment, diagnosis, planning, and
developing interventions based on assessments.
Which of the following statements are included in the clinical reasoning communication
category? (Select all that apply):
A. The thinking process by which a nurse reaches a clinical judgment.
B. Relying heavily on analytic reasoning that requires systematically breaking a situation down
into parts, examining alternatives, and weighing options.
Study Material
An interpretivist nurse is caring for a patient in the hospital setting. Which of the following
factors will the interpretivist consider when caring for this patient? (Select all that apply):
A. Context of care.
B. The information from the chart.
C. What the nurse personally brings to the caring encounter.
D. Information from significant others and friends.
E. The nurse's previous experiences, values, and emotions. - correct answer ✔✔ A. Context of
care.
C. What the nurse personally brings to the caring encounter.
E. The nurse's previous experiences, values, and emotions.
Rational: Interpretivist approaches situate the nurse squarely in the context of care and account
for what the nurse personally brings to the caring encounter, including previous experiences,
values, and emotions. The information from the chart and from others is gathered in the steps
of the nursing process.
A nurse wishes to obtain data about a new patient's self-esteem. To gain the clearest picture,
the nurse uses the assessment technique of (Select all that apply):
A. Completing an entire head-to-toe assessment first.
B. Conducting a structured interview with direct questions.
C. Interviewing the patient in an unstructured format.
D. Observing for relevant verbal and nonverbal clues. - correct answer ✔✔ C. Interviewing the
patient in an unstructured format.
D. Observing for relevant verbal and nonverbal clues.
,Rational:An unstructured interview format allows the nurse to establish rapport and get insight
into the patient's perspective. Combined with observation, this would yield the best
information. Observation often results in gathering a depth of data that is difficult to gain by
other methods. Combined with an unstructured interview to gain the patient's trust, this
technique would be very valuable. A head-to-toe assessment would not yield information about
self-esteem. A structured interview is often used to gather specific information, but since this
nurse has not yet had time to develop rapport, focusing questions on a sensitive issue such as
self-esteem would probably not elicit accurate information. Also, structured interviews are most
often used in emergency situations, and this does not qualify as an emergency.
A nurse is caring for a patient in a long-term care facility who has not been sleeping well. She
notes that the patient is new to the facility, has been refusing therapy, and is also not eating
well. The nurse interprets this to mean that the patient has been having trouble adjusting. The
nurse decides to meet with the patient's care team. The team decides to assess the patient's
willingness to participate in group recreational activities, the patient agrees to participate. After
1 week, the nurse reevaluates the plan of care and notes that the patient has been sleeping
much better. Which of the following terms best describe processes used in the nurse's plan?
(Select all that apply):
A. Clinical judgment.
B. Evidence-based practice.
C. The nursing process.
D. Collaborative care planning.
E. Positive reward process. - correct answer ✔✔ A. Clinical judgment.
C. The nursing process.
D. Collaborative care planning.
Rational: Clinical judgment is a reflective process by which the nurse notices, interprets,
responds, and reflects in action. The nursing process is a process by which the nurse assesses,
diagnoses, implements, and evaluates the nursing care plan. Consulting and gaining input from
the healthcare team is collaborative care planning. Evidence-based practice refers to using
interventions found in research studies. The positive reward process is not a term used in care
planning
, You are a new graduate nurse working with a nurse who has been out of school for 10 years.
The seasoned nurse states, "I don't see the difference between this clinical reasoning and the
nursing process." Which of the following statements would be an appropriate response? (Select
all that apply):
A. Clinical reasoning is limited to assessing, evaluating, and treating the nursing diagnosis.
B. Clinical reasoning involves reflecting on interventions and reevaluating the plan of care based
on the results of reflection.
C. Clinical reasoning involves assessing, diagnosing, and planning and using interventions based
on assessments.
D. Clinical reasoning is the thinking process by which a nurse reaches a clinical judgment.
E. Clinical reasoning is an iterative process of noticing, interpreting, and responding—reasoning
in transition with a fine attunement to the patient and how the patient responds to the nurse's
actions. - correct answer ✔✔ B. Clinical reasoning involves reflecting on interventions and
reevaluating the plan of care based on the results of reflection.
D. Clinical reasoning is the thinking process by which a nurse reaches a clinical judgment.
E. Clinical reasoning is an iterative process of noticing, interpreting, and responding—reasoning
in transition with a fine attunement to the patient and how the patient responds to the nurse's
actions.
rationale: Clinical reasoning is an iterative process of noticing, interpreting, and responding—
reasoning in transition with a fine attunement to the patient and how the patient responds to
the nurse's actions. The nursing process is limited to assessment, diagnosis, planning, and
developing interventions based on assessments.
Which of the following statements are included in the clinical reasoning communication
category? (Select all that apply):
A. The thinking process by which a nurse reaches a clinical judgment.
B. Relying heavily on analytic reasoning that requires systematically breaking a situation down
into parts, examining alternatives, and weighing options.
