NR565/NR 565 Pharmacology Final Exam
Questions with CORRECT answer s 100%
Verified
Proton Pump Inhibitor Prototype Drug - - answer --Omeprazole
PPI AE - - answer --Pneumonia, FX, Rebound Acid Hypersecretion,
Hypomagnesemia
PPI Monitoring - - answer --Magnesium (Hypomagnesimia)
PPI Drug Interaction - - answer --Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Antidiarrheal drugs fall into two major groups - - answer --(1) specific
antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the underlying causative agent
(2) nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the symptom but do not treat the agent
Opioids (antidiarrheals) - - answer --most effective antidiarrheal agents; activating
opioid receptors in the GI tract, these drugs decrease intestinal motility and thus
slow down intestinal transit, which allows more time for absorption of fluid and
electrolytes.
,diphenoxylate (Lomotil, others) and loperamide (Imodium, others) - - answer --
most frequently employed opioids for diarrhea
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) - - answer --Opioid Antidiarrheal; Formulated w/
atropine to discourage abuse
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) MOA - - answer --
Loperamide (Imodium) - - answer --Opioid Antidiarrheal; Meperidine analog
Loperamide (Imodium) MOA - - answer --treat diarrhea and reduce the volume of
discharge from ileostomies. Benefits derive from suppressing bowel motility and
from suppressing fluid secretion into the intestinal lumen.
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) - - answer ---popular over-the-counter
medication that can be used for upset stomach, diarrhea, heartburn, and general
indigestion.
-antibacterial and antisecretory properties; used to treat traveler's diarrhea
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication - - answer --
contraindicated in children or teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox
or flu-like illness due to the risk of Reye's syndrome and in individuals with aspirin
hypersensitivity.
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE - - answer --gray/black stools and black
tongue from the bismuth.
,Traveler's diarrhea - - answer --Escherichia coli
Traveler's Diarrhea Treatment - - answer ---Ciprofloxacin for adults.
-Azithromycin (Zithromax) is preferred for children and for pregnant women).
-Rifaximin (Xifaxan) may also be used provided the patient is not pregnant or
febrile and that stools are not bloody.
Metoclopramide MOA - - answer --A prokinetic agent:
(1) suppresses emesis (by blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin in the
CTZ)
(2) it increases upper GI motility (by enhancing the actions of acetylcholine).
Prokinetic Agent - - answer --Metoclopramide; Drugs that increase the tone and
motility of the GI tract. Indications include gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD), CINV, and diabetic gastroparesis.
Metoclopramide (Reglan) PO Dose Use - - answer --1) diabetic gastroparesis
2) suppression of gastroesophageal reflux.
Metoclopramide (Reglan) IV Dose Use - - answer --1) suppression of
postoperative nausea and vomiting,
2) suppression of CINV,
3) facilitation of small bowel intubation
4) facilitation of radiologic examination of the GI tract.
, Metoclopramide (Reglan) AE - - answer --High-dose therapy: sedation and
diarrhea are common
Long-term high-dose therapy: irreversible tardive dyskinesia, characterized by
repetitive, involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and facial muscles.
Metoclopramide contraindication - - answer --Contraindication in patients with GI
obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage.
Misoprostol (Cytotec) - - answer --an analog of prostaglandin E1. In the United
States, the drug's only approved GI indication is prevention of gastric ulcers
caused by long-term therapy with NSAIDs.
Misoprostol (Cytotec) Contraindication - - answer --contraindicated during
pregnancy due to risk for partial or complete expulsion of the developing fetus.
Peptic Ulcer Disease Step 2 Therapy - - answer --H. pylori testing & Treatment
with PPIs
H. pylori - - answer --gram-negative bacillus that can colonize the stomach and
duodenum; most common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers
H. Pylori Treatment - - answer --PPI plus antibiotics
H. pylori triple therapy - - answer --Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin or Metronidazole,
PPI (omeprazole)
H. pylori quadruple therapy - - answer --PPI, bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline
Questions with CORRECT answer s 100%
Verified
Proton Pump Inhibitor Prototype Drug - - answer --Omeprazole
PPI AE - - answer --Pneumonia, FX, Rebound Acid Hypersecretion,
Hypomagnesemia
PPI Monitoring - - answer --Magnesium (Hypomagnesimia)
PPI Drug Interaction - - answer --Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Antidiarrheal drugs fall into two major groups - - answer --(1) specific
antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the underlying causative agent
(2) nonspecific antidiarrheal drugs: Treat the symptom but do not treat the agent
Opioids (antidiarrheals) - - answer --most effective antidiarrheal agents; activating
opioid receptors in the GI tract, these drugs decrease intestinal motility and thus
slow down intestinal transit, which allows more time for absorption of fluid and
electrolytes.
,diphenoxylate (Lomotil, others) and loperamide (Imodium, others) - - answer --
most frequently employed opioids for diarrhea
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) - - answer --Opioid Antidiarrheal; Formulated w/
atropine to discourage abuse
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) MOA - - answer --
Loperamide (Imodium) - - answer --Opioid Antidiarrheal; Meperidine analog
Loperamide (Imodium) MOA - - answer --treat diarrhea and reduce the volume of
discharge from ileostomies. Benefits derive from suppressing bowel motility and
from suppressing fluid secretion into the intestinal lumen.
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) - - answer ---popular over-the-counter
medication that can be used for upset stomach, diarrhea, heartburn, and general
indigestion.
-antibacterial and antisecretory properties; used to treat traveler's diarrhea
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Contraindication - - answer --
contraindicated in children or teenagers during or after recovery from chickenpox
or flu-like illness due to the risk of Reye's syndrome and in individuals with aspirin
hypersensitivity.
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) AE - - answer --gray/black stools and black
tongue from the bismuth.
,Traveler's diarrhea - - answer --Escherichia coli
Traveler's Diarrhea Treatment - - answer ---Ciprofloxacin for adults.
-Azithromycin (Zithromax) is preferred for children and for pregnant women).
-Rifaximin (Xifaxan) may also be used provided the patient is not pregnant or
febrile and that stools are not bloody.
Metoclopramide MOA - - answer --A prokinetic agent:
(1) suppresses emesis (by blocking receptors for dopamine and serotonin in the
CTZ)
(2) it increases upper GI motility (by enhancing the actions of acetylcholine).
Prokinetic Agent - - answer --Metoclopramide; Drugs that increase the tone and
motility of the GI tract. Indications include gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD), CINV, and diabetic gastroparesis.
Metoclopramide (Reglan) PO Dose Use - - answer --1) diabetic gastroparesis
2) suppression of gastroesophageal reflux.
Metoclopramide (Reglan) IV Dose Use - - answer --1) suppression of
postoperative nausea and vomiting,
2) suppression of CINV,
3) facilitation of small bowel intubation
4) facilitation of radiologic examination of the GI tract.
, Metoclopramide (Reglan) AE - - answer --High-dose therapy: sedation and
diarrhea are common
Long-term high-dose therapy: irreversible tardive dyskinesia, characterized by
repetitive, involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and facial muscles.
Metoclopramide contraindication - - answer --Contraindication in patients with GI
obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage.
Misoprostol (Cytotec) - - answer --an analog of prostaglandin E1. In the United
States, the drug's only approved GI indication is prevention of gastric ulcers
caused by long-term therapy with NSAIDs.
Misoprostol (Cytotec) Contraindication - - answer --contraindicated during
pregnancy due to risk for partial or complete expulsion of the developing fetus.
Peptic Ulcer Disease Step 2 Therapy - - answer --H. pylori testing & Treatment
with PPIs
H. pylori - - answer --gram-negative bacillus that can colonize the stomach and
duodenum; most common cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers
H. Pylori Treatment - - answer --PPI plus antibiotics
H. pylori triple therapy - - answer --Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin or Metronidazole,
PPI (omeprazole)
H. pylori quadruple therapy - - answer --PPI, bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline
