D125 - Mathematics for Elementary Educators I

D125 - Mathematics for Elementary Educators I 1. Multiply - ANSWER An operation performed on two numbers that results in a product. Multiplication is often denoted by the dot sign. 2. Superscript - ANSWER A symbol (such as a number or letter) written above and immediately to the right or left of another character 3. Base - ANSWER The number multiplied by itself when paired with an exponent. For example in 8^3, 8 would be the base number. 4. Trailing Zeros - ANSWER Any 0 digits in the representation of a number that have no nonzero digits to their right. 5. Rounding - ANSWER A method of estimating a numbers value to make it easier to work with. 6. Estimation - ANSWER Approximating a value for a calculation 7. Operations - ANSWER A mathematical calculation or process. The most common are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division 8. Front-end Estimation - ANSWER Only rounding the numbers in the place furthest to the left (greatest place value) 9. Sums - ANSWER The result of two or more numbers being added together. The result of addition. 10. Differences - ANSWER The result of one number being subtracted from another number. 11. Addition - ANSWER Finding the total of two or more values 12. Subtraction - ANSWER Finding the difference between values 13. Negative Numbers - ANSWER A number whose value is less than zero. On the number line, negative numbers are to the left of 0. 14. Absolute Value - ANSWER The value of a term in terms of its distance from zero on the number line. 15. Numerator - ANSWER In a fraction, this represents the number of equal parts represented in the denominator that are given or available. This number is written before the slash, or above the fraction bar, in a fraction. 16. Denominator - ANSWER The number written after the slash, or below the fraction bar, in a fraction. 17. Proper Fraction - ANSWER A fraction where the number in the numerator is less than the number in the denominator 18. Improper Fraction - ANSWER A fraction where the number in the numerator is more than the number in the denominator. 19. Mixed Number - ANSWER A whole number plus a fraction 20. Equivalent Fractions - ANSWER Different fractions that represent the same value. 21. Least Common Denominator - ANSWER The smallest of all possible common denominators. 22. Reciprocal - ANSWER The reciprocal of a number x is that number which, if you multiply x by it equals 1. 23. Consecutive Integers - ANSWER Integers that immediately follow each other with no gaps between them, like 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 24. Percentages - ANSWER Like fractions, they denote something that is not necessarily whole, but rather could be a part of a whole number. 100% represents the number one. 25. Ratio - ANSWER Measures one quantity in relation to another quantity. 26. Rate - ANSWER a ratio that compares two quantities having different units of measure 27. Proportion - ANSWER A true statement in which two ratios are equal to each other. 28. Variable - ANSWER A symbol (such as "x") that represents an amount or quantity that can change value 29. Cross Multiply - ANSWER A method used to determine whether two fractions are equal. The numerator of one fraction is multiplied by the denominator of the opposite fraction on both sides. 30. Tape Diagram - ANSWER A visual tool for working with ratios that uses rectangles to represent different quantities of comparable items. 31. Double Number Line - ANSWER A visual tool for working with ratios that is generally used for ratios with different units or rates. Two number lines are drawn, one rate is marked out on the top number line, a second rate is marked out on the bottom number line, and the lines are compared to find equivalencies 32. Expressions - ANSWER A finite group of numbers or symbols that are connected by operations and have mathematical validity 33. Terms - ANSWER An individual number or variable, or numbers and variables multiplied together in an expression, separated by addition +, subtraction -, or division /, signs. Numbers or variables separated by an operation symbol or equal sign. 34. Operators - ANSWER A word or symbol (such as "x" or "+") that indicates an operation between variables.