SECURITY+ STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

SECURITY+ STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

CIAA2TriadA2-A2Ans--Confidentiality,A2Integrity,A2Availability

4A2PrimaryA2functionsA2ofA2CryptographyA2-A2Ans--
Confidentiality,A2Integrity,A2Authentication,A2andA2Non-repudiation

SubstitutionA2CipherA2-A2Ans--
TypeA2ofA2codingA2orA2cipheringA2systemA2thatA2changesA2oneA2characterA2orA2symbolA2in
toA2another.

TranspositionA2-A2Ans--ChangingA2theA2positionsA2ofA2plaintextA2letters.

Exclusive-ORA2(XOR)A2OperationA2-A2Ans--
BinaryA2MathematicalA2operationA2whichA2compairesA2twoA2bitsA2toA2produceA2anA2output.
A2PlaintextA2isA2XORedA2withA2aA2randomA2keystreamA2toA2generateA2ciphertext.A2IfA2valu
esA2areA2same,A2resultA2isA20.A2IfA2valuesA2areA2different,A2resultA2isA21.

One-TimeA2PadA2-A2Ans--ConsideredA2unbreakable.
EachA2padA2inA2theA2schemeA2mustA2meetA2theA2followingA2requirements:
-A2MadeA2upA2ofA2trulyA2randomA2values
-A2MustA2beA2atA2leastA2asA2longA2asA2theA2message
-A2UsedA2onlyA2once
-A2SecurelyA2distributedA2toA2destination
-A2ProtectedA2atA2sender'sA2andA2receiver'sA2sites

InitializationA2VectorsA2-A2Ans---A2RandomA2valuesA2usedA2w/
algorithmsA2toA2ensureA2patternsA2areA2notA2createdA2duringA2theA2encryptionA2process
-A2UsedA2withA2keys
-A2DoA2notA2needA2toA2beA2encryptedA2whenA2beingA2sentA2toA2theA2destination
-
A2IfA2IVsA2areA2notA2used,A2anA2attackerA2canA2breakA2theA2keyspaceA2becauseA2ofA2patter
nsA2resultingA2fromA2thheA2encryptionA2process

AlternateA2DataA2StreamsA2(ADS)A2-A2Ans---
A2providesA2hackersA2withA2aA2methodA2ofA2hidingA2toolsA2onA2aA2breachedA2systemA2andA
2executingA2themA2withoutA2beingA2detected
-A2allowA2forA2compatibilityA2withA2theA2MacintoshA2HierarchicalA2FileA2System
-A2usedA2legitimatelyA2byA2aA2varietyA2ofA2programs
-
A2ADSA2executableA2appearA2toA2runA2asA2theA2originalA2file,A2undetectableA2toA2processA2
viewersA2likeA2WindowsA2TaskA2Manager

,-
A2notA2onlyA2possibleA2toA2hideA2aA2file,A2butA2toA2alsoA2hideA2theA2executionA2ofA2anA2illegit
imateA2process

SymmetricA2CryptographyA2-A2Ans---
A2a.k.a.A2SecretA2Key,A2PrivateA2Key,A2SharedA2Key,A2SameA2Key,A2SingleA2Key,A2Sessio
nA2Key
-A2BestA2suitedA2forA2bulkA2encryption;A2muchA2fasterA2thanA2asymmetricA2cryptography
-A2BothA2partiesA2shareA2theA2sameA2key
-A2StreamA2cipherA2(EncryptedA2bit-by-bitA2orA2byteA2byA2byte)
-A2BlockA2cipherA2(AppliedA2toA2aA2collectionA2ofA2bitsA2orA2bytes)
RequireA2bothA2endsA2ofA2anA2encryptedA2messageA2toA2haveA2theA2sameA2keyA2andA2pro
cessingA2algorithms.

BlockA2CipherA2-A2Ans---A2usuallyA2implementedA2inA2software
-A2TransformsA2fixed-
lengthA2blocksA2ofA2plaintextA2intoA2cipherA2textA2ofA2theA2sameA2length
-A2DataA2isA2encryptedA2block-by-block
-A2UsesA2subsitutionA2andA2transpositionA2ciphers
-A2StrongerA2thanA2stream-basedA2ciphers
-A2SlowA2andA2resourceA2intensive

AA2methodA2ofA2encryptingA2textA2inA2whichA2aA2cryptographicA2keyA2andA2algorithmA2areA
2appliedA2toA2aA2blockA2ofA2dataA2atA2onceA2asA2aA2group,A2ratherA2thanA2toA2oneA2bitA2atA2
aA2time

StreamA2CipherA2-A2Ans---A2DataA2encryptedA2bit-by-bit
-A2PlaintextA2mixedA2withA2aA2keystreamA2controlledA2byA2aA2key
-A2UsuallyA2implementedA2inA2hardware
-A2RequiresA2noA2memory
-A2DataA2isA2encryptedA2on-the-fly
-A2AA2veryA2fastA2mathematicalA2operation

AA2methodA2ofA2encryptingA2textA2inA2whichA2aA2cryptographicA2keyA2andA2algorithmA2areA
2appliedA2toA2eachA2binaryA2digitA2inA2aA2dataA2stream,A2oneA2bitA2atA2aA2time.


SymmetricA2KeyA2EncryptionA2-A2Ans--
InA2orderA2toA2ensureA2secureA2communicationsA2betweenA2everyoneA2inA2aA2populationA2
ofA2nA2people,A2aA2totalA2ofA2n(n-1)/2A2keysA2areA2needed.

DataA2EncryptionA2StandardA2(DES)A2-A2Ans---A2BasedA2onA2IBM'sA2LuciferA2algorithm
-A264-bitA2blockA2(56-bitA2keyA2+A28A2bitsA2forA2parity)
-A2Algorithm:A2DEAA2(DataA2EncryptionA2Algorithm)
-A2EasilyA2broken

Triple-DESA2(3DES)A2-A2Ans---A2UpdgradeA2ofA2DESA2(stillA2inA2use)

, -A2AppliesA2DESA2threeA2times
-A2168-bitA2keyA2(+24A2forA2parity)

AdvancedA2EncryptionA2StandardA2(AES)A2-A2Ans---
A2CurrentA2standardA2(replacedA2DES)
-A2128A2bitA2block
-A2KeyA2sizes:A2128,A2192,A2andA2256A2bits
-A2Algorithm:A2Rijndael

TwofishA2-A2Ans---A2128-bitA2blockA2cipher
-A2Variable-lengthA2keysA2(128,A2192,A2orA2256-bits)
-A2FinalistA2forA2AES

CASTA2-A2Ans---A2developedA2byA2CarlisleA2AdamsA2andA2StaffordA2TavaresA2(CAST)

CAST-128A2-A2Ans---A264-bitA2blockA2size
-A2variableA2keyA2lengthsA2(40A2toA2128-bits)

CAST-256A2-A2Ans---A2128-bitA2blockA2size
-A2variableA2keyA2lenthsA2(128,A2160,A2192,A2224,A2256-bits)

InternationalA2DataA2EncryptionA2AlgorithmA2(IDEA)A2-A2Ans---A264-bitA2blockA2cipher
-A2128-bitA2keyA2length
-A2DevelopedA2byA2theA2Swiss
-A2UsedA2inA2PGPA2andA2otherA2encryptionA2software

SecureA2andA2FastA2EncryptionA2RoutineA2(SAFER)A2-A2Ans---
A2UsedA2inA2BluetoothA2forA2keyA2derivation,A2notA2forA2encryption
-A2SAFER+
-A2128-bitA2blockA2cipher
-A2SAFER++
-A264A2andA2128-bitA2blockA2cipher

WholeA2DiskA2EncryptionA2-A2Ans---A2a.k.aA2FullA2diskA2encryption
-
A2softwareA2orA2hardwareA2whichA2encryptsA2everyA2bitA2ofA2dataA2onA2aA2diskA2orA2diskA2v
olume
-A2someA2softwareA2canA2leaveA2theA2MasterA2BootA2RecordA2(MBR)A2unencrypted
-A2SomeA2hardware-
basedA2encryptionA2systemsA2encryptA2theA2entireA2bootA2disk,A2includingA2theA2MBR
-A2AESA2primarilyA2used

AsymmetricA2CyptographyA2-A2Ans---A2a.k.aA2PublicA2KeyA2Encryption
-A2BasedA2onA2mathematicalA2numberA2theory
-A2EachA2userA2hasA2twoA2keys:A2Public/Private
-A2PublicA2keyA2isA2availableA2toA2everyone