PHYL 141 LAB UH MANOA || 100% ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS.
semi-permeable correct answers each cell is separated from the external environment by a
plasma membrane
diffusion correct answers the movement of particles from place of high concentration to place of
low concentration.
dynamic equilibrium correct answers the condition of balance between varying, shifting, and
opposing forces that is characteristic of living processes.
osmotic pressure correct answers the tendency of solution to take up water.
hypotonic correct answers having an abnormally reduced tonicity or tension.
having an osmotic pressure lower than that of the solution with which it is compared.
hypertonic correct answers pertaining to or characterized by an increased tonicity or tension.
having an osmotic pressure greater than that of the solution with which it is compared.
isotonic correct answers denoting a solution in which body cells can be bathed without net flow
of water across the semipermeable cell membrane; also denoting a solution having the same
tonicity as another solution with which it is compared.
concentration correct answers the greater the difference of concentration of either side of the
membrane, the greater the rate of diffusion. smaller size particles will have a greater rate of
diffusion, because they encounter less resistance. therefore small particle spread out and
permeate membrane more quickly.
temperature. correct answers higher temperatures increase kinetic energy of molecules. this
increases likelihood of particle collision events and makes particle diffuse more quickly.
surface area correct answers greater surface area of a membrane provides more opportunity for
particles to cross membranes.
polarity. correct answers large polar molecules are repelled by the double layer of hydrophobic
phospholipid tails in the plasma membrane. small non-polar molecules can cross plasma
membrane more easily.
solvent correct answers a part of the solution in which substances are dissolved. in aqueous
solutions, water is the solvent
solute correct answers is substance which is dissolved in a solution. in glucose solution, glucose
is the solute.
solution correct answers solvent+solute
, semi-permeable membrane correct answers is a membrane that allows passage of some particles
but not others. dialysis tubing and biological membranes are considered semi-permeable barriers.
selectively permeable membranes correct answers are biological membranes. molecules that are
too big, too polar, or need to be transported against concentration gradient use specialized
membrane surface channel or carrier proteins to enter cells.
diffusion correct answers is movement of substances down their concentration gradient (from a
region of high concentration to a region of low concentration).
osmosis correct answers is diffusion of water. water diffuses against concentration gradient of
the particles (towards the side where other substances are more concentrated.)
osmotic pressure correct answers is an attractive force exerted by solutes to water. it is a "pulling
force" and has the tendency to increase osmotic activity as "water follows the solute".
hypertonic solutions correct answers are solutions that have higher concentration of solutes.
when cells are placed into hypertonic solutions, they lose and shrink.
hypotonic solutions correct answers are solutions that have lower concentration of solutes. when
cells are placed into hypotonic solutions, they uptake water and become bloated
isotonic solutions correct answers have equivalent concentrations of solutes and are at dynamic
equilibrium. cells in isotonic solution retain their shape.
dynamic equilibruim correct answers is a state when concentrations of particles on both sides of
a membrane are at equivalent levels. dynamic equilibrium, does not mean that particle movement
has ceased. particles are still moving across the membrane, but this movement causes no net
change of concentration.
mole correct answers is a number of carbon atoms in 12g of carbon isotope12. this number is
equal to 6.022x10^23 and is called Avogadro's number. example: one dozen eggs is 12 eggs, we
agree that one mole of chemical substance has 6.022x10^23
moleculecular weight correct answers is a sum of all atomic weights of a given molecule.
glucose molecule has six carbon, twelve hydrogen, and six oxygen molecules. in sum, 1 mole of
glucose has moleculecular weight of 180g/mol.
molarity correct answers is a measure of molar concentration in solution. it is defined as the
number of moles of solute per 1 liter of solution. for example, 2M glucose solution has 2 moles
of glucose in 1 liter of water. solutions of equal molarity have the same number of moles of
molecule per liter. if you know the MW, you can easily calculate how man grams of a particular
substance are needed to make a solution of the desired molar concentration: M=moles of
solute/volume of solution.
SOLUTIONS.
semi-permeable correct answers each cell is separated from the external environment by a
plasma membrane
diffusion correct answers the movement of particles from place of high concentration to place of
low concentration.
dynamic equilibrium correct answers the condition of balance between varying, shifting, and
opposing forces that is characteristic of living processes.
osmotic pressure correct answers the tendency of solution to take up water.
hypotonic correct answers having an abnormally reduced tonicity or tension.
having an osmotic pressure lower than that of the solution with which it is compared.
hypertonic correct answers pertaining to or characterized by an increased tonicity or tension.
having an osmotic pressure greater than that of the solution with which it is compared.
isotonic correct answers denoting a solution in which body cells can be bathed without net flow
of water across the semipermeable cell membrane; also denoting a solution having the same
tonicity as another solution with which it is compared.
concentration correct answers the greater the difference of concentration of either side of the
membrane, the greater the rate of diffusion. smaller size particles will have a greater rate of
diffusion, because they encounter less resistance. therefore small particle spread out and
permeate membrane more quickly.
temperature. correct answers higher temperatures increase kinetic energy of molecules. this
increases likelihood of particle collision events and makes particle diffuse more quickly.
surface area correct answers greater surface area of a membrane provides more opportunity for
particles to cross membranes.
polarity. correct answers large polar molecules are repelled by the double layer of hydrophobic
phospholipid tails in the plasma membrane. small non-polar molecules can cross plasma
membrane more easily.
solvent correct answers a part of the solution in which substances are dissolved. in aqueous
solutions, water is the solvent
solute correct answers is substance which is dissolved in a solution. in glucose solution, glucose
is the solute.
solution correct answers solvent+solute
, semi-permeable membrane correct answers is a membrane that allows passage of some particles
but not others. dialysis tubing and biological membranes are considered semi-permeable barriers.
selectively permeable membranes correct answers are biological membranes. molecules that are
too big, too polar, or need to be transported against concentration gradient use specialized
membrane surface channel or carrier proteins to enter cells.
diffusion correct answers is movement of substances down their concentration gradient (from a
region of high concentration to a region of low concentration).
osmosis correct answers is diffusion of water. water diffuses against concentration gradient of
the particles (towards the side where other substances are more concentrated.)
osmotic pressure correct answers is an attractive force exerted by solutes to water. it is a "pulling
force" and has the tendency to increase osmotic activity as "water follows the solute".
hypertonic solutions correct answers are solutions that have higher concentration of solutes.
when cells are placed into hypertonic solutions, they lose and shrink.
hypotonic solutions correct answers are solutions that have lower concentration of solutes. when
cells are placed into hypotonic solutions, they uptake water and become bloated
isotonic solutions correct answers have equivalent concentrations of solutes and are at dynamic
equilibrium. cells in isotonic solution retain their shape.
dynamic equilibruim correct answers is a state when concentrations of particles on both sides of
a membrane are at equivalent levels. dynamic equilibrium, does not mean that particle movement
has ceased. particles are still moving across the membrane, but this movement causes no net
change of concentration.
mole correct answers is a number of carbon atoms in 12g of carbon isotope12. this number is
equal to 6.022x10^23 and is called Avogadro's number. example: one dozen eggs is 12 eggs, we
agree that one mole of chemical substance has 6.022x10^23
moleculecular weight correct answers is a sum of all atomic weights of a given molecule.
glucose molecule has six carbon, twelve hydrogen, and six oxygen molecules. in sum, 1 mole of
glucose has moleculecular weight of 180g/mol.
molarity correct answers is a measure of molar concentration in solution. it is defined as the
number of moles of solute per 1 liter of solution. for example, 2M glucose solution has 2 moles
of glucose in 1 liter of water. solutions of equal molarity have the same number of moles of
molecule per liter. if you know the MW, you can easily calculate how man grams of a particular
substance are needed to make a solution of the desired molar concentration: M=moles of
solute/volume of solution.
