Bio 141 Exam 4 || A+ Verified Solutions.
When considering the Loop of Henle, the filtrate has the highest osmolarity at the bottom of the
loop. T/F correct answers True
Glomerular filtration rate is directly related to blood pressure (i.e., high blood pressure = higher
glomerular filtration rate). T/F correct answers True
A toxin blocks the reabsorption of ions (salts) in the ascending Loop of Henle. What result
would you expect? correct answers Less reabsorption of water in the ascending limb.
What is the main result of the "salty medulla" created by the Loop of Henle?
hint: reabsoprtion of water where correct answers Reabsorption of water in the descending limb
and collecting duct of the nephron
Regulation is the process of maintaining homeostasis. What two body systems are the main
participants in regulation of the body? correct answers Nervous and endocrine
Which of the following secretions is NOT considered to be part of the semen produced during an
orgasm (i.e., which is secreted as pre-ejaculatory fluid)?
a. sperm
b. Seminal vesicle fluid
c. Bulbourethral fluid
d. Prostate fluid correct answers c. Bulbourethral fluid
How many chromosomes are found in a human sperm or oocyte? correct answers 23
What best describes the role of secondary sex characteristics? correct answers for mate attraction
Starting with the first day of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, place the following
events of a woman's reproductive cycle in the order they occur.
1. menses
2. ovulation
3. peak estrogen levels produced by the follicle
4. peak lutenizing hormone levels
5. peak progesterone levels by the corpus luteum
6. rapidly decreasing estrogen and progesterone level1 correct answers 3-4-2-5-6-1
Where must fertilization occur to allow time for successful implantation? correct answers
Fallopian (uterine) tube
Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination
from the body:
1. bladder
2. nephron
,3. urethra
4. ureter
5. collecting duct correct answers 2-5-4-1-3
The fluid inside a healthy nephron is very similar to blood, except that it does not contain:
correct answers Amino acids
A blood cell in the glomerulus will enter which structure next? correct answers Efferent arteriole
The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is only permeable to water. T/F correct answers False
Which of the following characteristics best determines the composition of the initial filtrate
produced in the nephron? correct answers Only small molecules enter the nephron
Function of Renal Physiology correct answers excrete and remove wastes
elimination and discharge of wastes
regulation of blood volume and solute concentration
Heat rate connection:Providing sufficient blood to the kidneys (pH, blood pressure homeostasis)
correct answers Filtration of blood at kidneys requires sufficient blood pressure
Filtration/secretion removes wastes, reabsorption allows body to retain important molecules
Alteration in water retention alters blood volume
function of the kidneys correct answers performs excretory functions
produces urine
Urinary Tract Function correct answers performs elimination
contains:
-ureters
-bladder
-urethra
The nephron is the __________ of the kidney correct answers functional unit
the nephron is the location of ________,_________, and ________ of molecules correct answers
filtration
secretion
reabsorption
The kidney: filters blood
______% of total cardiac output
blood delivered to c_____ and filtered in gl________ correct answers 25% of total cardiac output
Blood delivered to cortex and filtered in glomerulus
Renal tubule reabsorbs ________ and adjusts ______
Deliver wastes through _________ as urine
, urine collected centrally to ______ and sent to _________ correct answers Renal tubule
reabsorbs nutrients, and adjusts water content/pH
Deliver wastes through medulla as urine
Urine collected centrally to pelvis and sent to ureters
kidneys are connected to the bladder by: correct answers ureters
the bladder is a correct answers muscular sac that holds urine
urethra is correct answers a tube to the external environment
arteries carry blood to correct answers kidneys
all structures are: correct answers continuous
all structures have a correct answers lumen (inside opening)
the lumen is considered part of the correct answers external world
glomerulus correct answers Specialized blood vessels
-Knot of capillaries
-Fenestrated!
-Fluid and solute filtration; not gas exchange!
-Blood enters via afferent arteriole
-Filtrate exits to capsule
-Remaining blood exits to efferent arteriole
Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule is the first structure of
Hint: R____ T______ correct answers first structure in the renal tubule
what major urinary structure is immediately after the nephron correct answers ureter
filtration correct answers INITIAL movement of molecules from capillary into nephron
reabsorption correct answers movement of a molecules in nephron back into the capillary
Secretion correct answers movement of a molecule from the capillary into the nephron AFTER
filtration
Which of the following processes involves the movement of molecules into the body?
A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Reabsorption correct answers c. reabosption
When considering the Loop of Henle, the filtrate has the highest osmolarity at the bottom of the
loop. T/F correct answers True
Glomerular filtration rate is directly related to blood pressure (i.e., high blood pressure = higher
glomerular filtration rate). T/F correct answers True
A toxin blocks the reabsorption of ions (salts) in the ascending Loop of Henle. What result
would you expect? correct answers Less reabsorption of water in the ascending limb.
What is the main result of the "salty medulla" created by the Loop of Henle?
hint: reabsoprtion of water where correct answers Reabsorption of water in the descending limb
and collecting duct of the nephron
Regulation is the process of maintaining homeostasis. What two body systems are the main
participants in regulation of the body? correct answers Nervous and endocrine
Which of the following secretions is NOT considered to be part of the semen produced during an
orgasm (i.e., which is secreted as pre-ejaculatory fluid)?
a. sperm
b. Seminal vesicle fluid
c. Bulbourethral fluid
d. Prostate fluid correct answers c. Bulbourethral fluid
How many chromosomes are found in a human sperm or oocyte? correct answers 23
What best describes the role of secondary sex characteristics? correct answers for mate attraction
Starting with the first day of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, place the following
events of a woman's reproductive cycle in the order they occur.
1. menses
2. ovulation
3. peak estrogen levels produced by the follicle
4. peak lutenizing hormone levels
5. peak progesterone levels by the corpus luteum
6. rapidly decreasing estrogen and progesterone level1 correct answers 3-4-2-5-6-1
Where must fertilization occur to allow time for successful implantation? correct answers
Fallopian (uterine) tube
Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination
from the body:
1. bladder
2. nephron
,3. urethra
4. ureter
5. collecting duct correct answers 2-5-4-1-3
The fluid inside a healthy nephron is very similar to blood, except that it does not contain:
correct answers Amino acids
A blood cell in the glomerulus will enter which structure next? correct answers Efferent arteriole
The ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is only permeable to water. T/F correct answers False
Which of the following characteristics best determines the composition of the initial filtrate
produced in the nephron? correct answers Only small molecules enter the nephron
Function of Renal Physiology correct answers excrete and remove wastes
elimination and discharge of wastes
regulation of blood volume and solute concentration
Heat rate connection:Providing sufficient blood to the kidneys (pH, blood pressure homeostasis)
correct answers Filtration of blood at kidneys requires sufficient blood pressure
Filtration/secretion removes wastes, reabsorption allows body to retain important molecules
Alteration in water retention alters blood volume
function of the kidneys correct answers performs excretory functions
produces urine
Urinary Tract Function correct answers performs elimination
contains:
-ureters
-bladder
-urethra
The nephron is the __________ of the kidney correct answers functional unit
the nephron is the location of ________,_________, and ________ of molecules correct answers
filtration
secretion
reabsorption
The kidney: filters blood
______% of total cardiac output
blood delivered to c_____ and filtered in gl________ correct answers 25% of total cardiac output
Blood delivered to cortex and filtered in glomerulus
Renal tubule reabsorbs ________ and adjusts ______
Deliver wastes through _________ as urine
, urine collected centrally to ______ and sent to _________ correct answers Renal tubule
reabsorbs nutrients, and adjusts water content/pH
Deliver wastes through medulla as urine
Urine collected centrally to pelvis and sent to ureters
kidneys are connected to the bladder by: correct answers ureters
the bladder is a correct answers muscular sac that holds urine
urethra is correct answers a tube to the external environment
arteries carry blood to correct answers kidneys
all structures are: correct answers continuous
all structures have a correct answers lumen (inside opening)
the lumen is considered part of the correct answers external world
glomerulus correct answers Specialized blood vessels
-Knot of capillaries
-Fenestrated!
-Fluid and solute filtration; not gas exchange!
-Blood enters via afferent arteriole
-Filtrate exits to capsule
-Remaining blood exits to efferent arteriole
Glomerular (Bowman's) Capsule is the first structure of
Hint: R____ T______ correct answers first structure in the renal tubule
what major urinary structure is immediately after the nephron correct answers ureter
filtration correct answers INITIAL movement of molecules from capillary into nephron
reabsorption correct answers movement of a molecules in nephron back into the capillary
Secretion correct answers movement of a molecule from the capillary into the nephron AFTER
filtration
Which of the following processes involves the movement of molecules into the body?
A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Reabsorption correct answers c. reabosption
