Comprehensive Pediatric Growth and Development
Nursing Guide Integrating Psychosexual (Freud),
Psychosocial (Erikson), and Cognitive (Piaget) Theories
Across Infancy Through Adolescence, Including Stages of
Play Development, Temperament Classifications and
Behavioral Attributes, Separation Anxiety Phases (Protest,
Despair, Detachment), Age-Specific Responses to
Hospitalization, Communication Strategies for Infants,
Toddlers, Preschoolers, School-Aged Children, and
Adolescents, Consent and Assent Principles, Emancipated
Minor Criteria, Confidentiality Laws for Teens, Pediatric
Medication Administration Guidelines (IM Injection Sites,
Needle Sizes, Dosages), Drug Administration Alerts, and
Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions to Promote
Emotional Security, Autonomy, Identity Formation, Coping,
and Family-Centered Care Exam Questions Verified and
Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Oral stage
birth to 1 year
Anal stage
1 to 3 years
Latency period
3 to 6 years
Genital stage
6 to 12 years
Phallic stage
12 to 18 years
Trust vs. Mistrust
, (birth to 1 year) Infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to take care of their basic
needs
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
(1-3 years) Toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their
abilities
Initiative vs. Guilt
3 to 6 years: To develop the ability to try new things and to handle failure
Industry vs. Inferiority
6-12 years sense of duty and accomplishment vs I am not capable as my peers
identity vs. role confusion
12 to 18 years
sensorimotor stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the
world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
preoperational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child
learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
concrete operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age)
during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about
concrete events
formal operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think
logically about abstract concepts 11-15 years
Solitary play
a child plays alone, unaware of any other children playing nearby
Cooperative play
activity in which children actually play with one another
Nursing Guide Integrating Psychosexual (Freud),
Psychosocial (Erikson), and Cognitive (Piaget) Theories
Across Infancy Through Adolescence, Including Stages of
Play Development, Temperament Classifications and
Behavioral Attributes, Separation Anxiety Phases (Protest,
Despair, Detachment), Age-Specific Responses to
Hospitalization, Communication Strategies for Infants,
Toddlers, Preschoolers, School-Aged Children, and
Adolescents, Consent and Assent Principles, Emancipated
Minor Criteria, Confidentiality Laws for Teens, Pediatric
Medication Administration Guidelines (IM Injection Sites,
Needle Sizes, Dosages), Drug Administration Alerts, and
Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions to Promote
Emotional Security, Autonomy, Identity Formation, Coping,
and Family-Centered Care Exam Questions Verified and
Provided with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Oral stage
birth to 1 year
Anal stage
1 to 3 years
Latency period
3 to 6 years
Genital stage
6 to 12 years
Phallic stage
12 to 18 years
Trust vs. Mistrust
, (birth to 1 year) Infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to take care of their basic
needs
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
(1-3 years) Toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their
abilities
Initiative vs. Guilt
3 to 6 years: To develop the ability to try new things and to handle failure
Industry vs. Inferiority
6-12 years sense of duty and accomplishment vs I am not capable as my peers
identity vs. role confusion
12 to 18 years
sensorimotor stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the
world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
preoperational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child
learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
concrete operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age)
during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about
concrete events
formal operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think
logically about abstract concepts 11-15 years
Solitary play
a child plays alone, unaware of any other children playing nearby
Cooperative play
activity in which children actually play with one another
