What is systole?
When the heart contracts to pump blood out (depolarization)
What is diastole?
When the heart relaxes after contractions (depolarization)
What is stroke volume (SV)?
Volume of blood ejected during ventricular contraction
What is cardiac output (CO)?
HR x SV
- amt of blood the heart pumps from each ventricle per minute
- measured in L per min
What is normal EF of the left ventricle?
55-65%
What is preload?
- amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole
- initial stretching of the ventricles prior to contraction
- the heart loading up for the next big squeeze of the ventricles during systole
What is afterload (systemic vascular resistance [SVR])?
Amount of resistance the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve and push the blood
volume out into the systemic circulation
Pre-load is the amount of blood in the _______________ at the end of ________. This is
reflected as the central venous pressure.
right ventricle
diastole
PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: the pressure bag is maintained at 500mmHg. T/F?
False. It's maintained at 300mmHg
PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: NS is used as the flush system solution. T/F?
True
,PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: the transducer does not convert the pressure into an
electrical signal; it uses osmosis. T/F?
False. It does convert the pressure into an electrical signal
What would NOT be a cause of sinus bradycardia?
Amphetamines
The effects of hypokalemia include the following:
- sinus brady
- premature vent tachycardias
- vent fib
Your pt converts to ventricular fibrillation and is non-responsive. What is your PRIORITY
action?
High quality compressions
Which is a CORRECT pt statement about a wearable debrillator vest? If a threatening rhythm is
detected?
The vest delivers a treatment shock to restore heart rhythm
Pts with pacemakers must avoid close or prolonged contact with electric devices or devices that
have strong magnetic fields. T/F?
True
What is the purpose of invasive coronary artery procedures?
Aimed at opening the blocked coronary artery
What is thrombolysis?
Loosening or dissolving of a clot
- enzymatic digestion of thrombus to open lumen using streptokinase and tPA
- performed within 60min from arrival to ED - Door to Balloon time
When should thrombolysis not be used?
Bleeding d/o or pt's who are bleeding
Cardiac tamponade results in _________ venous return due to atrial ___________.
decreased, compression
Hydrochlorothiazide is the diuretic of choice for pt's with cariogenic pulmonary edema. T/F?
False. Its loop diuretics
,Cardiomyopathy is caused by _________ stroke volume that results in _________ cardiac
workload.
decreased, increased
Dilated cardiomyopathy includes all the following s/s:
- diastolic murmur
- palpitations
- fatigue
*NOT wt loss
Education on post heart transplant care must include all of the following:
- normal resting heart rate is 90-110 BPM
- increased risk for osteoporosis
- must warm up and cool down with exercises
*chest pain is NOT a common complication
A 35-year-old male was knifed in the street fight, admitted through the ED, and is now in the
ICU. An assessment of his condition reveals the following symptoms: respirations shallow and
rapid, CVP 15 cm H2O, BP 90 mm Hg systolic, skin cold and pale, urinary output 60-100 mL/hr
for the last 2 hours. Analyzing these symptoms, the nurse will base a nursing diagnosis on the
conclusion that the client has which of the following conditions?
Cardiac tamponade
A 56-year-old male patient has been admitted to the cardiac unit with exacerbation of heart
failure symptoms. The nurse has given him a nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output
related to heart failure, as evidenced by a poor ejection fraction, weakness, edema, and decreased
urinary output. Which of the following nursing intervention is most appropriate in this situation?
Admin stool softeners as ordered
If medical tx fail, which invasive procedure is necessary for treating cardiomyopathy?
CABG
What are contraindications of thrombolysis r/t acute coronary syndrome?
- active bleeding
- bleeding disorder
- hx of hemorrhagic stroke
- hx of intracranial vessel malformation
- recent surgery/ trauma
- uncontrolled hypertension
- pregnancy
What are indications for mechanical ventilation?
, PaO2<55
PaCO2>50
pH<7.32
Vital capacity <10mL/kg
Negative inspiratory force <25cm H2O
What do we assess on a pt on mechnical vent?
- V/S rate and pattern
- auscultate breath sounds
- assess other evidence of hypoxia
What are nursing interventions for a pt on mechanical vent?
- aspiration and VAP preventions
- keep HOB>30
- daily sedation vacations to assess readiness for extubation
- peptic ulcer and DVT prophylaxis
- daily oral care with chlorhexidine (0.12% oral rinses)
Weight gain is NOT a s/s of bronchiectasis. T/F?
True
A ____________________ and is used for oropharyngeal suction.
yankauer
PE does not require fluid restriction. T/F?
True
A priority pt is someone who had large residuals from his tube feed. T/F?
True
You are caring for a pt with ARDS whose pressure alarms go off continuously. Your best initial
intervention is to _______________________.
assess the pt
Your pt has had a chest tube inserted for a pneumothorax. When palpating around the insertion
site, you feel a popping/crackling on the skin. This complication of a chest tube is called
______________________. It is also known as _______________________.
crepitus, subq emphysema
When is intra-arterial BP indicated?
To obtain direct and continuous BP measurements who have severe HTN or HYPOtension
What is normal pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)?
When the heart contracts to pump blood out (depolarization)
What is diastole?
When the heart relaxes after contractions (depolarization)
What is stroke volume (SV)?
Volume of blood ejected during ventricular contraction
What is cardiac output (CO)?
HR x SV
- amt of blood the heart pumps from each ventricle per minute
- measured in L per min
What is normal EF of the left ventricle?
55-65%
What is preload?
- amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole
- initial stretching of the ventricles prior to contraction
- the heart loading up for the next big squeeze of the ventricles during systole
What is afterload (systemic vascular resistance [SVR])?
Amount of resistance the heart must overcome to open the aortic valve and push the blood
volume out into the systemic circulation
Pre-load is the amount of blood in the _______________ at the end of ________. This is
reflected as the central venous pressure.
right ventricle
diastole
PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: the pressure bag is maintained at 500mmHg. T/F?
False. It's maintained at 300mmHg
PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: NS is used as the flush system solution. T/F?
True
,PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: the transducer does not convert the pressure into an
electrical signal; it uses osmosis. T/F?
False. It does convert the pressure into an electrical signal
What would NOT be a cause of sinus bradycardia?
Amphetamines
The effects of hypokalemia include the following:
- sinus brady
- premature vent tachycardias
- vent fib
Your pt converts to ventricular fibrillation and is non-responsive. What is your PRIORITY
action?
High quality compressions
Which is a CORRECT pt statement about a wearable debrillator vest? If a threatening rhythm is
detected?
The vest delivers a treatment shock to restore heart rhythm
Pts with pacemakers must avoid close or prolonged contact with electric devices or devices that
have strong magnetic fields. T/F?
True
What is the purpose of invasive coronary artery procedures?
Aimed at opening the blocked coronary artery
What is thrombolysis?
Loosening or dissolving of a clot
- enzymatic digestion of thrombus to open lumen using streptokinase and tPA
- performed within 60min from arrival to ED - Door to Balloon time
When should thrombolysis not be used?
Bleeding d/o or pt's who are bleeding
Cardiac tamponade results in _________ venous return due to atrial ___________.
decreased, compression
Hydrochlorothiazide is the diuretic of choice for pt's with cariogenic pulmonary edema. T/F?
False. Its loop diuretics
,Cardiomyopathy is caused by _________ stroke volume that results in _________ cardiac
workload.
decreased, increased
Dilated cardiomyopathy includes all the following s/s:
- diastolic murmur
- palpitations
- fatigue
*NOT wt loss
Education on post heart transplant care must include all of the following:
- normal resting heart rate is 90-110 BPM
- increased risk for osteoporosis
- must warm up and cool down with exercises
*chest pain is NOT a common complication
A 35-year-old male was knifed in the street fight, admitted through the ED, and is now in the
ICU. An assessment of his condition reveals the following symptoms: respirations shallow and
rapid, CVP 15 cm H2O, BP 90 mm Hg systolic, skin cold and pale, urinary output 60-100 mL/hr
for the last 2 hours. Analyzing these symptoms, the nurse will base a nursing diagnosis on the
conclusion that the client has which of the following conditions?
Cardiac tamponade
A 56-year-old male patient has been admitted to the cardiac unit with exacerbation of heart
failure symptoms. The nurse has given him a nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output
related to heart failure, as evidenced by a poor ejection fraction, weakness, edema, and decreased
urinary output. Which of the following nursing intervention is most appropriate in this situation?
Admin stool softeners as ordered
If medical tx fail, which invasive procedure is necessary for treating cardiomyopathy?
CABG
What are contraindications of thrombolysis r/t acute coronary syndrome?
- active bleeding
- bleeding disorder
- hx of hemorrhagic stroke
- hx of intracranial vessel malformation
- recent surgery/ trauma
- uncontrolled hypertension
- pregnancy
What are indications for mechanical ventilation?
, PaO2<55
PaCO2>50
pH<7.32
Vital capacity <10mL/kg
Negative inspiratory force <25cm H2O
What do we assess on a pt on mechnical vent?
- V/S rate and pattern
- auscultate breath sounds
- assess other evidence of hypoxia
What are nursing interventions for a pt on mechanical vent?
- aspiration and VAP preventions
- keep HOB>30
- daily sedation vacations to assess readiness for extubation
- peptic ulcer and DVT prophylaxis
- daily oral care with chlorhexidine (0.12% oral rinses)
Weight gain is NOT a s/s of bronchiectasis. T/F?
True
A ____________________ and is used for oropharyngeal suction.
yankauer
PE does not require fluid restriction. T/F?
True
A priority pt is someone who had large residuals from his tube feed. T/F?
True
You are caring for a pt with ARDS whose pressure alarms go off continuously. Your best initial
intervention is to _______________________.
assess the pt
Your pt has had a chest tube inserted for a pneumothorax. When palpating around the insertion
site, you feel a popping/crackling on the skin. This complication of a chest tube is called
______________________. It is also known as _______________________.
crepitus, subq emphysema
When is intra-arterial BP indicated?
To obtain direct and continuous BP measurements who have severe HTN or HYPOtension
What is normal pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)?
