Pathophysiology Exam 2 Questions And Correct Answers

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

AA2nurseA2isA2reviewingA2labA2reports.A2TheA2nurseA2recallsA2bloodA2plasmaA2isA2locatedA2
inA2whichA2ofA2theA2followingA2fluidA2compartments?A2-A2Ans--IntravascularA2fluid

AA235-year-
oldA2maleA2weighsA270A2kg.A2ApproximatelyA2howA2muchA2ofA2thisA2weightA2isA2ICF?A2-
A2Ans--42A2L-
A2theA2totalA2volumeA2ofA2bodyA2waterA2forA2aA270A2kgA2personA2isA2aboutA242A2LA2(60%)


WhileA2planningA2careA2forA2elderlyA2individuals,A2theA2nurseA2remembersA2theA2elderlyA2a
reA2atA2aA2higherA2riskA2forA2developingA2dehydrationA2becauseA2theyA2haveA2a(n):A2-
A2Ans--decreasedA2muscleA2mass


WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2patientsA2shouldA2theA2nurseA2assessA2forA2aA2decreasedA2onc
oticA2pressureA2inA2theA2capillaries?A2AA2patientA2with:A2-A2Ans--liverA2failure

WaterA2movementA2betweenA2theA2ICFA2andA2ECFA2compartmentsA2isA2determinedA2by:A
2-A2Ans--osmoticA2forces


AnA2experimentA2wasA2designedA2toA2testA2theA2effectsA2ofA2theA2StarlingA2forcesA2onA2flui
dA2movement.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2alterationsA2wouldA2resultA2inA2fluidA2movingA2i
ntoA2theA2interstitialA2space?A2-A2Ans--IncreasedA2interstitialA2oncoticA2pressure

WhenA2planningA2careA2forA2aA2dehydratedA2patient,A2theA2nurseA2remembersA2theA2princi
pleA2ofA2waterA2balanceA2isA2closelyA2relatedA2toA2_____A2balance.A2-A2Ans--Sodium

AA270-year-
oldA2maleA2withA2chronicA2renalA2failureA2presentsA2withA2edema.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2followi
ngA2isA2theA2mostA2likelyA2causeA2ofA2thisA2condition?A2-A2Ans--
IncreasedA2capillaryA2hydrostaticA2pressure

AA210-year-
oldA2maleA2isA2broughtA2toA2theA2emergencyA2roomA2(ER)A2becauseA2heA2isA2incoherentA2
andA2semiconscious.A2CTA2scanA2revealsA2thatA2heA2isA2sufferingA2fromA2cerebralA2edem
a.A2ThisA2typeA2ofA2edemaA2isA2referredA2toA2as:A2-A2Ans--localizedA2edema

AA2nurseA2isA2teachingA2theA2staffA2aboutA2antidiureticA2hormoneA2(ADH).A2WhichA2inform
ationA2shouldA2theA2nurseA2include?A2SecretionA2ofA2ADHA2isA2stimulatedA2by:A2-A2Ans--
increasedA2plasmaA2osmolality

WhichA2statementA2byA2theA2staffA2indicatesA2teachingA2wasA2successfulA2concerningA2al
dosterone?A2SecretionA2ofA2aldosteroneA2resultsA2in:A2-A2Ans--increasedA2bloodA2volume

,AA225-year-oldA2maleA2isA2diagnosedA2withA2aA2hormone-
secretingA2tumorA2ofA2theA2adrenalA2cortex.A2WhichA2findingA2wouldA2theA2nurseA2expectA2
toA2seeA2inA2theA2labA2results?A2-A2Ans--DecreasedA2bloodA2K+A2levels

AA2patientA2hasA2beenA2searchingA2onA2theA2InternetA2aboutA2natriureticA2hormones.A2Wh
enA2theA2patientA2asksA2theA2nurseA2whatA2doA2theseA2hormonesA2do,A2howA2shouldA2theA
2nurseA2respond?A2NatriureticA2hormonesA2affectA2theA2balanceA2of:A2-A2Ans--Sodium


AA25-year-
oldA2maleA2presentsA2toA2theA2ERA2withA2deliriumA2andA2sunkenA2eyes.A2AfterA2diagnosin
gA2himA2withA2severeA2dehydration,A2theA2primaryA2careA2providerA2ordersA2fluidA2replace
ment.A2TheA2nurseA2administersA2aA2hypertonicA2intravenousA2solution.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2
followingA2wouldA2beA2expected?A2-A2Ans--IntracellularA2dehydration

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2patientsA2isA2theA2mostA2atA2riskA2forA2developingA2hypernatre
mia?A2AA2patientA2with:A2-A2Ans--dehydration

TheA2mostA2commonA2causeA2ofA2pureA2waterA2deficitA2is:A2-A2Ans--A.A2renalA2waterA2loss

HyperlipidemiaA2andA2hyperglycemiaA2areA2associatedA2with:A2-A2Ans--
HypertonicA2hyponatremia

AA252-year-
oldA2diabeticA2maleA2presentsA2toA2theA2ERA2withA2lethargy,A2confusion,A2andA2depressed
A2reflexes.A2HisA2wifeA2indicatesA2thatA2heA2doesA2notA2followA2theA2prescribedA2dietA2andA
2takesA2hisA2medicationA2sporadically.A2LabA2resultsA2indicateA2hyperglycemia.A2WhichA2a
ssessmentA2findingA2isA2mostA2likelyA2toA2occur?A2-A2Ans--decreasedA2sodium

WhenA2takingA2careA2ofA2aA2patientA2withA2hyperkalemia,A2whichA2principleA2isA2priority?
A2HyperkalemiaA2causesA2a(n)A2_____A2inA2restingA2membraneA2potentialA2withA2_____A2
excitabilityA2ofA2cardiacA2muscle.A2-A2Ans--increase,A2increased

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2patientsA2isA2mostA2proneA2toA2hypochloremia?
A2AA2patientA2with:A2-A2Ans--IncreasedA2bicarbonateA2intake


WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2conditionsA2wouldA2causeA2theA2nurseA2toA2monitorA2forA2hyper
kalemia?A2-A2Ans--AcuteA2acidosis

WhichA2organA2systemA2shouldA2theA2nurseA2monitorA2whenA2theA2patientA2hasA2long-
termA2potassiumA2deficits?A2-A2Ans--kidneys

AA242-year-
oldA2femaleA2presentsA2toA2herA2primaryA2careA2providerA2reportingA2muscleA2weaknessA2
andA2cardiacA2abnormalities.A2LaboratoryA2testsA2indicateA2thatA2sheA2isA2hypokalemic.A2

,WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2couldA2beA2theA2causeA2ofA2herA2condition?A2-A2Ans--
PrimaryA2hyperaldosteronism

AA219-year-
oldA2maleA2presentsA2toA2hisA2primaryA2careA2providerA2reportingA2restlessness,A2muscleA
2cramping,A2andA2diarrhea.A2LabA2testsA2revealA2thatA2heA2isA2hyperkalemic.A2WhichA2ofA2t
heA2followingA2couldA2haveA2causedA2hisA2condition?A2-A2Ans--acidosis

AA260-year-
oldA2femaleA2isA2diagnosedA2withA2hyperkalemia.A2WhichA2assessmentA2findingA2shouldA2
theA2nurseA2expectA2toA2observe?A2-A2Ans--oliguria

WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2bufferA2pairsA2isA2consideredA2theA2majorA2plasmaA2bufferingA2
system?A2-A2Ans--carbonicA2acidA2andA2bicarbonate

AA2nurseA2recallsA2regulationA2ofA2acid-
baseA2balanceA2throughA2removalA2orA2retentionA2ofA2volatileA2acidsA2isA2accomplishedA2b
yA2the:A2-A2Ans--lungs

PhysiologicA2pHA2isA2maintainedA2aroundA27.4A2becauseA2carbonicA2acidA2andA2bicarbon
ateA2existA2inA2aA2ratioA2of:A2-A2Ans--20:1

WhichA2patientA2isA2mostA2proneA2toA2metabolicA2alkalosis?A2AA2patientA2with:A2-A2Ans--
ExcessiveA2lossA2ofA2chlorideA2(Cl)

WhichA2patientA2shouldA2theA2nurseA2assessA2forA2bothA2hyperkalemiaA2andA2metabolicA2
acidosis?A2AA2patientA2diagnosedA2with:A2-A2Ans--renalA2failure

ForA2aA2patientA2experiencingA2metabolicA2acidosis,A2theA2bodyA2willA2compensateA2by:A2-
A2Ans--hyperventilating


WhichA2findingA2wouldA2supportA2theA2diagnosisA2ofA2respiratoryA2acidosis?A2-A2Ans--
pneumonia

AA254-year-
oldA2maleA2withA2aA2longA2historyA2ofA2smokingA2complainsA2ofA2excessiveA2tiredness,A2sh
ortnessA2ofA2breath,A2andA2overallA2illA2feelings.A2LabA2resultsA2revealA2decreasedA2pH,A2i
ncreasedA2CO2,A2andA2normalA2bicarbonateA2ion.A2TheseA2findingsA2helpA2toA2confirmA2th
eA2diagnosisA2of:A2-A2Ans--respiratoryA2acidosis

ForA2aA2patientA2withA2respiratoryA2acidosis,A2chronicA2compensationA2byA2theA2bodyA2will
A2include:A2-A2Ans--KidneyA2excretionA2ofA2H+


AA255-year-
oldA2femaleA2presentsA2toA2herA2primaryA2careA2providerA2andA2reportsA2dizziness,A2confu
sion,A2andA2tinglingA2inA2theA2extremities.A2BloodA2testsA2revealA2anA2elevatedA2pH,A2decr

, easedA2PCO2,A2andA2slightlyA2decreasedA2HCO3.A2WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2isA2theA2m
ostA2likelyA2diagnosis?A2-A2Ans--RespiratoryA2alkalosisA2withA2renalA2compensation

OutcomesA2ofA2laboratoryA2testsA2includeA2anA2elevatedA2levelA2ofA2natriureticA2peptides.A
2WhichA2organA2isA2theA2priorityA2assessment?A2-A2Ans--heart


AA260-year-oldA2maleA2withA2aA230-
yearA2historyA2ofA2smokingA2isA2diagnosedA2withA2aA2hormone-
secretingA2lungA2tumor.A2FurtherA2testingA2indicatesA2thatA2theA2tumorA2secretesA2ADH.A2
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2assessmentA2findingsA2shouldA2theA2nurseA2expect?
A2(SelectA2allA2thatA2apply.)A2-A2Ans---Confusion
-Weakness
-Nausea
-MuscleA2twitching

TheA2nurseA2wouldA2anticipateA2theA2patientA2withA2syndromeA2ofA2inappropriateA2ADHA2(
SIADH)A2toA2demonstrateA2whichA2ofA2theA2followingA2symptoms?
A2(SelectA2allA2thatA2apply.)A2-A2Ans---Weakness
-Nausea
-Headache
-MuscleA2twitching

AA2primaryA2careA2providerA2isA2talkingA2aboutA2plasmaA2proteinsA2synthesizedA2byA2lymp
hocytesA2inA2theA2lymphA2nodes.A2WhatA2isA2theA2primaryA2careA2providerA2describing?A2-
A2Ans--antibodies


WhileA2reviewingA2labA2results,A2theA2nurseA2recallsA2theA2mostA2abundantA2cellsA2inA2theA
2bloodA2are:A2-A2Ans--erythrocytes


AnA2adultA2patientsA2bloodA2sampleA2isA2analyzedA2inA2aA2laboratory.A2AssumingA2aA2nor
malA2sample,A2whichA2typeA2ofA2whiteA2bloodA2cellA2accountsA2forA2theA2highestA2percenta
ge?A2-A2Ans--neutrophils

AA2groupA2ofA2cellsA2isolatedA2inA2theA2laboratoryA2haveA2membrane-
boundA2granulesA2inA2theirA2cytoplasmA2andA2theyA2showA2phagocyticA2activity.A2WhichA2
ofA2theA2followingA2cellsA2isA2mostA2similar?
A)A2Monocyte
B)A2Macrophage
C)A2Lymphocyte
D)A2EosinophilsA2-A2Ans--eosinophils

WhileA2planningA2careA2forA2aA2patientA2withA2inflammation,A2whichA2principleA2willA2theA2n
urseA2remember?A2TheA2predominantA2phagocyteA2ofA2earlyA2inflammationA2isA2the:A2-
A2Ans--neutrophil